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首页> 外文期刊>Marine ecology progress series >Non-contact competition in a sessile marine invertebrate: causes and consequences
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Non-contact competition in a sessile marine invertebrate: causes and consequences

机译：无柄海洋无脊椎动物中的非接触竞争：成因和后果

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In marine benthic communities, phenotypic responses to contact competition are well resolved, but the causes and consequences of non-contact competition remain unclear. Here, we used the arborescent bryozoan Bugula neritina to firstly identify whether colonies change their phenotype as a result of non-contact competition, and then understand the mechanism behind the changes. Secondly, we determined the phenotypes that change in response to non-contact competition, with focus on changes in the feeding structure, viz. the lophophore. Lastly, we used a reciprocal transplant design to test whether phenotypic responses to non-contact competition reduce its negative effects. We found that phenotypic responses to non-contact competition were mediated by the biological effects of conspecific neighbours, but were also determined by the physical effects associated with increased density. Further, we found that colonies grown in high conspecific density environments were smaller (though more elongated for their size) and had smaller lophophores than colonies from low conspecific density treatments. However, we found no evidence that such phenotypic responses constituted adaptive plasticity; instead, individuals that experienced non-contact competition always performed worse than individuals that had not, and the effects of exposure to non-contact competition were additive. Our study suggests that non-contact competition is an important and persistent process in benthic marine communities, but that phenotypic plasticity, though present, does not buffer individuals from the negative effects of this process.
机译：在海洋底栖生物群落中，对接触竞争的表型反应得到了很好的解决，但非接触竞争的原因和后果仍不清楚。在这里，我们使用树状苔藓虫Bugula neritina首先确定菌落是否由于非接触竞争而改变其表型，然后了解其背后的机制。其次，我们确定了响应非接触竞争而变化的表型，重点是饲料结构的变化，即。荧光团。最后，我们使用了对等移植设计来测试对非接触式竞争的表型反应是否能减少其负面影响。我们发现对非接触竞争的表型反应是由同种邻居的生物学效应介导的，但也由与密度增加相关的物理效应所决定。此外，我们发现在高同种密度环境中生长的菌落比低同种密度处理的菌落更小（尽管它们的大小更长）并且荧光团更小。然而，我们没有发现任何证据表明这种表型反应构成了适应性可塑性。相反，经历了非接触式竞争的个人总是比没有接触式竞争的个人表现更差，而接触非接触式竞争的影响是可加的。我们的研究表明，在底栖海洋群落中，非接触竞争是一个重要而持久的过程，但是表型可塑性尽管存在，但不能使个体免受该过程的负面影响。

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