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首页> 外文期刊>Marine ecology progress series >Consumers mitigate heat stress and nutrient enrichment effects on eelgrass Zostera marina communities at its southern range limit
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Consumers mitigate heat stress and nutrient enrichment effects on eelgrass Zostera marina communities at its southern range limit

机译：消费者在南部范围限制时缓解了鳗e带叶小滨海码头社区的热应激和养分富集效应

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At the southern end of their range, eelgrass Zostera marina L. meadows in North Carolina, USA, are vulnerable to multiple stressors. These include eutrophication, which can promote the overgrowth of algal epiphytes, and heat stress, which causes significant seasonal die-offs during the summer. To quantify the relative influences of these ecosystem stressors on eelgrass biomass, we conducted a mesocosm experiment investigating interactive effects of heat stress (+1.5 degrees C) and nutrient loading (+10 mu M NH4NO3, 1 mu M KH2PO4) on an amphipod-eelgrass system. Additionally, we manipulated consumer pressure from an abundant omnivorous fish (pinfish Lagodon rhomboides) to understand how top-down pressure interacted with bottom-up nutrient additions and warming. Pinfish consumed nearly all amphipods (which had no effect on epibiont load), prevented macroalgal accumulation, and mitigated eelgrass loss due to heat stress. Notably, when pinfish were absent from mesocosms (1) macroalgal biomass was high even though grazers were allowed to reach high densities (>600 ind. per 18 l mesocosm), and (2) warming caused an 80% reduction in eelgrass aboveground biomass. Macroalgal biomass was positively correlated with water temperature and also had a significant correlation with eelgrass aboveground biomass. Although nutrient concentrations were similar to nutrient pulses from local storm events, nutrient enrichment only increased epibiont load when combined with warming, and we ob served no discernible interactive effects on aboveground biomass. We conclude that omnivorous consumers can play an important role in preventing macroalgal accumulation from exacerbating heat stress effects, although continued warming may cause significant regional habitat loss regardless of consumer presence as eelgrass reaches its extreme physiological limits.
机译：在其范围的最南端，美国北卡罗来纳州的鳗el草带状疱疹草地很容易受到多种胁迫。其中包括富营养化（可促进藻类附生植物的过度生长）和热应激（可导致夏季大量季节性死亡）。为了量化这些生态系统应激源对鳗鱼生物量的相对影响，我们进行了介观试验，研究了热应激（+1.5摄氏度）和养分负荷（+10μM NH4NO3、1μMKH2PO4）对两栖类-鳗鱼的相互作用的影响。系统。此外，我们操纵了来自大量杂食鱼（（鱼拉各顿菱形）的消费者压力，以了解自上而下的压力与自下而上的营养物添加和变暖之间的相互作用。 fish鱼几乎消耗了所有两栖动物（对表生动物的负载没有影响），防止了大型藻类的积累，并减轻了由于热应激引起的鳗草损失。值得注意的是，当中观皮层中不存在针鱼时（1）即使允许放牧者达到高密度（每18升中皮层中大于600 ind。），大型藻类生物量也很高；（2）变暖导致地上生物量的鳗e减少了80％。大型藻类生物量与水温呈正相关，与鳗草地上生物量也呈显着相关。尽管养分浓度与局部风暴事件产生的养分脉冲相似，但养分富集结合变暖只会增加表观生物负荷，而我们对地上生物量没有明显的交互作用。我们得出的结论是，杂食性消费者在防止大型藻类积累加剧热应激效应方面可以发挥重要作用，尽管持续升温可能会导致鳗鱼草达到其极端生理极限，而不论消费者的存在如何，都会造成区域栖息地的大量损失。

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