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Temperature affects the early life history stages of corals more than near future ocean acidification

机译：温度对珊瑚生命早期阶段的影响远大于近期海洋酸化的影响

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摘要

Climate change is projected to increase ocean temperatures by at least 2℃, and levels of pH by -0.2 units (ocean acidification, OA) by the end of this century. While the effects of these stressors on marine organisms have been relatively well explored in isolation, possible interactions between temperature and OA have yet to be thoroughly investigated. OA at levels projected to occur within this century has few direct ecological effects on the early life history stages of corals. In contrast, temperature has pronounced effects on many stages in the early life history of corals. Here, we test whether temperature might act in combination with OA to produce a measurable ecological effect on fertilization, development, larval survivorship or metamorphosis of 2 broadcast spawning species, Acropora millepora and A. tenuis, from the Great Barrier Reef. We used 4 treatments: control, high temperature (+2℃), high partial pressure of CO_2 (pCO_2) (700 μatm) and a combination of high temperature and high PCO_2, corresponding to the current levels of these variables and the projected values for the end of this century under the IPCC A2 scenario. We found no consistent effect of elevated pCO_2 on fertilization, development, survivorship or metamorphosis, neither alone nor in combination with temperature. In contrast, a 2℃ rise in temperature increased rates of development, but otherwise had no consistent effect on fertilization, survivorship or metamorphosis. We conclude that OA is unlikely to be a direct threat to the early life history stages of corals, at least in the near future. In contrast, rising sea temperatures are likely to affect coral population dynamics by increasing the rate of larval development with resulting changes in patterns of connectivity.
机译：预计到本世纪末，气候变化将使海洋温度升高至少2℃，pH值升高-0.2单位（海洋酸化，OA）。尽管这些压力源对海洋生物的影响已被单独地进行了比较充分的研究，但温度和OA之间可能的相互作用尚待彻底研究。预计本世纪内发生的OA对珊瑚的早期生命史阶段几乎没有直接的生态影响。相反，温度对珊瑚的早期生活史上的许多阶段都有明显的影响。在这里，我们测试了温度是否可能与OA结合使用，对大堡礁的2种繁殖产卵物种Acropora millepora和A. tenuis的受精，发育，幼体存活或变态产生可测量的生态效应。我们使用了4种处理方法：控制，高温（+ 2℃），CO_2的高分压（pCO_2）（700μatm）以及高温和高PCO_2的组合，分别对应于这些变量的当前水平和预测值IPCC A2情景下的世纪末。我们发现升高的pCO_2不能单独或与温度结合对受精，发育，存活或变态没有持续的影响。相反，温度升高2℃会增加发育速度，但否则对受精，存活或变态没有持续的影响。我们得出的结论是，至少在不久的将来，OA不可能直接威胁到珊瑚的生命早期阶段。相反，不断升高的海水温度可能会通过增加幼体发育的速度，进而导致连通性模式发生变化，从而影响珊瑚种群的动态。

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  • 来源
    《Marine ecology progress series》 |2013年第14期|85-92|共8页
  • 作者

    Chia Miin Chua; William Leggat; Aurelie Moya; Andrew H. Baird;

  • 作者单位

    ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia;

    ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia,School of Pharmacy and Molecular Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia;

    ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia,INSU-CNRS, Laboratoire d'Oceanographie de Villefranche, B.P. 28, 06234 Villefranche-sur-mer Cedex, France,UPMC University of Paris 06, Observatoire Oceanologique de Villefranche, 06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France;

    ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia;

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  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    coral reefs; climate change; connectivity; development; larval ecology; survivorship; settlement;

    机译：珊瑚礁;气候变化;连接性;发展幼虫生态学生存沉降;

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