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Energetic requirements of North Atlantic right whales and the implications for species recovery

机译：北大西洋露脊鲸的能量需求及其对物种恢复的影响

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Management plans for North Atlantic right whales Eubalaena glacialis focus on preventing mortality from ship strikes and fishing gear entanglement. However, recovery may also be limited because individuals are under nutritional stress. We quantified the food requirements of North Atlantic right whales by age, sex and reproductive state and compared their predicted needs with field estimates of prey consumption to assess whether any demographic group of right whales might be nutritionally stressed. Energy requirements were estimated using a bioener-getics model that accounted for uncertainty in energy inputs and outputs. Consumption was estimated with prey samples taken near feeding whales in Cape Cod Bay (n = 28 net collections) and the Bay of Fundy (n = 19 optical plankton recordings). We found that calves required the least energy (~1767 MJ d~(-1)) and that lactating females required the most (~4120 MJ d~(-1)). Juveniles required considerably more energy than adult males and non-reproductive females. Our estimates of energy requirements for juveniles (~1906 MJ d~(-1)), adult males (~1793 MJ d~(-1)), and non-reproductive females (~2104 MJ d~(-1)) compared favorably with estimates of actual consumption in Cape Cod Bay and the Bay of Fundy (i.e. they differed by <15%), suggesting that our model was reliable. However, lactating females appear to have obtained considerably less than their predicted energy requirements in both habitats. These findings suggest that lactating females may be experiencing an energy deficit, which may affect reproductive rates and slow population recovery. Nutritional stress may thus be limiting the recovery of North Atlantic right whales.
机译：北大西洋右鲸Eubalaena glacialis的管理计划的重点是防止因船舶罢工和渔具纠缠而致死。但是，恢复也可能会受到限制，因为个人处于营养压力之下。我们通过年龄，性别和生殖状态对北大西洋露脊鲸的食物需求进行了量化，并将其预测需求与野外捕食量估计值进行了比较，以评估是否有任何人口统计的露脊鲸在营养方面受到压力。使用生物能源模型估算能源需求，该模型考虑了能源输入和输出的不确定性。估计消耗量是在鳕鱼角湾（n = 28净捕捞量）和芬迪湾（n = 19光学浮游生物记录）的喂食鲸鱼附近取样。我们发现小牛需要的能量最少（〜1767 MJ d〜（-1）），而哺乳期的雌性则最多（〜4120 MJ d〜（-1））。与成年男性和非生殖女性相比，青少年需要更多的能量。我们比较了青少年（〜1906 MJ d〜（-1）），成年男性（〜1793 MJ d〜（-1））和非生殖女性（〜2104 MJ d〜（-1））的能量需求估计鳕鱼角湾和芬迪湾的实际消费量（即相差<15％）有利，这表明我们的模型是可靠的。但是，在两个生境中，哺乳期雌性动物获得的能量似乎远低于其预期的能量需求。这些发现表明，哺乳期的女性可能正处于能量不足状态，这可能会影响生殖速度并减慢人口恢复速度。因此，营养压力可能会限制北大西洋右鲸的恢复。

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