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首页> 外文期刊>Marine ecology progress series >Upward swimming of competent oyster larvae Crassostrea virginica persists in highly turbulent flow as detected by PIV flow subtraction
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Upward swimming of competent oyster larvae Crassostrea virginica persists in highly turbulent flow as detected by PIV flow subtraction

机译：通过PIV流量减法检测到，合格的牡蛎幼体Crassostrea virginica的向上游泳在高湍流中持续存在

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摘要

Investigating settlement responses in the transitory period between planktonic and benthic stages of invertebrates helps shape our understanding of larval dispersal and supply, as well as early adult survival. Turbulence is a physical cue that has been shown to induce sinking and potentially settlement responses in mollusc larvae. In this study, we determined the effect of turbulence on vertical swimming velocity and diving responses in competent eastern oyster larvae Crassostrea virginica. We quantified the behavioural responses of larvae in a moving flow field by measuring and analyzing larval velocities in a relative framework (where local flow is subtracted away, isolating the behavioural component) in contrast to the more common absolute framework (in which behaviour and advection by the flow are conflated). We achieved this separation by simultaneously and separately tracking individuals and measuring the flow field around them using particle image velocimetry in a grid-stirred turbulence tank. Contrary to our expectations, larvae swam upward even in highly turbulent flow, and the dive response became less frequent. These observations suggest that oyster larvae are stronger swimmers than previously expected and provide evidence that turbulence alone may not always be a sufficient cue for settlement out of the water column. Furthermore, at a population level, absolute velocity distributions differed significantly from isolated larval swimming velocities, a result that held over increasing turbulence levels. The absolute velocity distributions indicated a strong downward swimming or sinking response at high turbulence levels, but this observation was in fact due to downwelling mean flows in the tank within the imaging area. Our results suggest that reliable characterization of larval behaviour in turbulent conditions requires the subtraction of local flow at an individual level, imposing the technical constraint of simultaneous flow and behavioural observations.
机译：在无脊椎动物的浮游和底栖阶段之间的过渡时期调查沉降响应，有助于塑造我们对幼虫扩散和供应以及成年早期存活的理解。湍流是一种物理提示，已显示出可引起软体动物幼虫下沉和潜在的沉降反应。在这项研究中，我们确定了湍流对东部牡蛎幼体Crassostrea virginica的垂直游泳速度和潜水响应的影响。通过测量和分析相对框架中的幼虫速度（其中减去局部流动，隔离行为成分），我们比较了幼虫在移动流场中的行为响应，而不是更常见的绝对框架（行为和对流由流程混在一起）。我们通过同时并分别跟踪个体并在搅拌式湍流罐中使用粒子图像测速仪测量周围的流场来实现这种分离。与我们的预期相反，幼虫即使在非常湍急的水流中也向上游泳，潜水反应变得不那么频繁了。这些观察结果表明，牡蛎幼虫比以前预期的更强壮的游泳者，并提供了证据表明，单独的湍流可能并不总是足够的证据表明它可以脱离水柱。此外，在种群水平上，绝对速度分布与孤立的幼体游泳速度显着不同，其结果是湍流水平升高。绝对速度分布表明在高湍流水平下强烈的向下游动或下沉响应，但实际上，这是由于成像区域内储罐中的下降流平均流量所致。我们的结果表明，在湍流条件下对幼虫行为进行可靠的表征需要在个体水平上减去局部流量，这对同时流动和行为观察施加了技术约束。

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  • 来源
    《Marine ecology progress series》 |2013年第15期|171-185|共15页
  • 作者

    J. D. Wheeler; K. R. Helfrich; E. J. Anderson; B. McGann; P. Staats; A. E. Wargula; K. Wilt; L. S. Mullineaux;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Biology, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA;

    Department of Physical Oceanography, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA;

    Department of Mechanical Engineering, Grove City College, Grove City, Pennysylvania 16127, USA;

    Department of Mechanical Engineering, Grove City College, Grove City, Pennysylvania 16127, USA;

    Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Grove City College, Grove City, Pennysylvania 16127, USA;

    Department of Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA;

    Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA;

    Department of Biology, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA;

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  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    Turbulence; Crassostrea virginica; Settlement; Larval behaviour; Particle image velocimetry;

    机译：湍流Crassostrea virginica;沉降;幼虫行为;粒子图像测速;

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