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Extreme habitat specialisation and population structure of two gorgonian-associated pygmy seahorses

机译：两只与格格高相关的侏儒海马的极端栖息地专业化和种群结构

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摘要

Pygmy seahorses are a group of little-known miniature hippocampid fish that differ considerably in biology and ecology from their larger congeners. We estimated the population density, sex ratio and habitat of 2 sympatric, obligate gorgonian-associated pygmy seahorses, Hip pocampus bargibanti and H. denise, in a 20 km long coastal marine protected area in southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Belt transects covering 200 m~2 each were surveyed at 7 sites and 5 depth con tours to record the density of seahorses and their host gorgonians. The population density (±SE) was 1.17 (±0.27) per 200 m~2 for H. denise and 0.34 (±0.20) per 200 m2 for H. bargibanti, some of the lowest densities for unexploited seahorse populations studied thus far. Male-female pairs (43.9%) were the most common group composition for H. denise, with single, 3 or 4 individuals found on 19.5, 7.3 and 29.3% of inhabited gorgonians, respectively. H. denise inhabited 7.8% of Annella reticulata gorgonians within the survey area but were recorded from a total of 8 gorgon ian genera during extensive opportunistic ad hoc searches. Annella spp. density was 10.7 times higher than that of Muricella spp. (the sole host of H. bargibanti), of which 20.0 % were inhabited. The small population size, occurrence of pygmy seahorses in groups on their hosts with the result ing skew in sex ratios, and habitat specialisation likely all impact the species' population dynam ics, and hence these need to be considered in conservation management strategies.
机译：侏儒海马是一群鲜为人知的小型海马鱼类，它们的生物学和生态学与较大的同类动物大不相同。我们估算了印度尼西亚苏拉威西岛东南部一个20公里长的沿海海洋保护区中的2个同伴，专职的与高哥人相关的侏儒海象，海马pgigi bargibanti和H. denise的人口密度，性别比和栖息地。在7个地点和5个深度轮廓上对每个覆盖带覆盖200 m〜2的样带样带进行了调查，以记录海马及其寄主高哥的密度。丹佛菌每200 m〜2的种群密度（±SE）为每200 m〜2 1.17（±0.27），巴尔吉邦提每200 m2的种群密度为（每200 m2 0.34（±0.20）），这是迄今为止未开发的海马种群的最低密度。男性-女性对（43.9％）是H. denise的最常见群体组成，在19.5％，7.3％和29.3％的栖息的高地人中分别发现有单个，3个或4个个体。 H. denise居住在调查区内的网纹Annella reticulata gorgonians中有7.8％，但在广泛的随机临时搜索中记录了总共8个gorgon ian属。安妮拉（Annella spp。）密度是Muricella spp的10.7倍。 （H. bargibanti的唯一寄主），其中20.0％有人居住。较小的种群数量，在其寄主中成群的侏儒海马的出现，性别比例的偏差以及栖息地的专业化都可能影响该物种的种群动态，因此需要在保护管理策略中加以考虑。

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