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首页> 外文期刊>Marine ecology progress series >Fishing down a Caribbean food web relaxes trophic cascades
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Fishing down a Caribbean food web relaxes trophic cascades

机译：沿着加勒比食物网垂钓可放松营养级联反应

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摘要

The fishing down of marine food webs has been described in pelagic and demersal systems but rarely documented in coral reef environments. We recorded a rapid shift in fish community structure in Belize that accompanied a marked decline in grouper and snapper abundance and a switch towards smaller, less desirable, herbivorous parrotfishes. In a 6 to 7 yr period (2002-2008/09), observations of large-bodied grouper (Serranidae) declined significantly from an encounter probability of 21% per 200 m~2 transect to just 2%. The biomass of carnivorous snappers (Lutjanidae) underwent a 7-fold decline, primarily in the species Ocyurus chrysurus. During this period, the inclusion of parrotfish in fish catches at nearby Glover's Atoll increased from a frequency of 6 % in 2004 to -20% of speared individuals by 2008. Parrotfish biomass declined by 41% between 2002 and 2008/09, with a major decline in the large and dominant herbivore Sparisoma viride. No changes in parrotfish biomass were detectable in nearby marine reserves during this time. Several important indirect effects of fishing were observed. The biomass of mesopredators including Cephalopholis fulvus, C. cruentatus, and Epinephelus guttatus increased dramatically by 880 % as compared to the 2002 levels. We putatively attribute this response to a release from predation and constraints to foraging behaviour imposed by large serranids. Further, we find that the density of adult damselfish of the species Stegastes planifrons and S. partitus decreased by -45%. We attribute this decline to elevated predation by the increased densities of mesopredators, which have been shown to prey upon juvenile damselfish. No change in damselfish densities was found at 2 control locations where fishing was prohibited. The decline in parrotfish in the central Mesoamerican barrier reef likely accounts for recent anecdotal observations of Halimeda tuna spreading to micro-habitats that have previously been grazed intensively. While these results imply that the resilience of these reefs may be seriously impaired, the Belize Government has recently enacted new legislation to improve the management of grouper and outlaw harvesting of most herbivorous fish.
机译：在中上层和水下系统中已经描述了捕捞海洋食物网的情况，但在珊瑚礁环境中很少有记载。我们在伯利兹记录了鱼类群落结构的快速变化，伴随着石斑鱼和鲷鱼丰度的显着下降，并转向了较小，较不理想的草食鹦嘴鱼。在6至7年的时间内（2002-2008 / 09），大型石斑鱼（Serranidae）的观测值从每200 m〜2断面的21％的发生概率显着下降至仅2％。食肉鲷鱼（Lutjanidae）的生物量下降了7倍，主要是在Ocyurus chrysurus物种中。在此期间，鹦鹉鱼在附近格洛弗环礁的渔获物中所占比例从2004年的6％上升到2008年占长矛个体的-20％。在2002年至2008/09年期间，鹦鹉鱼的生物量下降了41％。大型食草动物肉食性分离。在此期间，附近的海洋保护区没有发现鹦鹉鱼生物量的变化。观察到捕鱼有几个重要的间接影响。与短足头孢菌，C。cruentatus和Epinephelus guttatus等中粒繁殖体的生物量相比，2002年水平显着增加了880％。我们推测该反应归因于从掠食和约束的释放到大型Serranids施加的觅食行为。此外，我们发现，Stegastes Planifrons和S.partitus物种的成年雀鲷的密度降低了-45％。我们将这种下降归因于介壳繁殖者密度的提高，掠食者数量的增加，这已被证明是捕食幼年雀鲷的原因。在禁止捕鱼的两个控制地点，未发现雀鲷的密度变化。中美洲中部堡礁中鹦嘴鱼的减少可能是最近关于哈利门达（Halimeda）金枪鱼传播到先前曾大量放牧的微生境的传闻观察结果的原因。虽然这些结果表明这些珊瑚礁的复原力可能会受到严重损害，但伯利兹政府最近颁布了新的立法，以改善对大多数草食性鱼类的石斑鱼捕捞和非法捕捞的管理。

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  • 来源
    《Marine ecology progress series》 |2012年第20期|p.13-24|共12页
  • 作者

    Peter J. Mumby; Robert S. Steneck; Alasdair J. Edwards; Renata Ferrari; Robin Coleman; Alastair R. Harborne; Janet P. Gibson;

  • 作者单位

    Marine Spatial Ecology Lab, School of Biological Sciences & ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies,Goddard Building, University of Queensland, St. Lucia Campus, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia;

    School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Darling Marine Center, Walpole, Maine 04573, USA;

    School of Biology, Newcastle University, Ridley Bldg, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK;

    Marine Spatial Ecology Lab, School of Biological Sciences & ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies,Goddard Building, University of Queensland, St. Lucia Campus, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia;

    Wildlife Conservation Society, PO Box 768, 1755 Coney Drive, 2nd Floor, Belize City, Belize;

    Marine Spatial Ecology Lab, School of Biological Sciences & ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies,Goddard Building, University of Queensland, St. Lucia Campus, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia,Marine Spatial Ecology Lab, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4PS, UK;

    Wildlife Conservation Society, PO Box 768, 1755 Coney Drive, 2nd Floor, Belize City, Belize;

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  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    fishing; coral reef; parrotfish; grouper; snapper; damselfish; trophic cascade;

    机译：钓鱼;珊瑚礁;鹦嘴鱼石斑鱼鲷鱼该死的营养级联;

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