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首页> 外文期刊>Marine ecology progress series >Disease and nutrient enrichment as potential stressors on the Caribbean sponge Aplysina cauliformis and its bacterial symbionts
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Disease and nutrient enrichment as potential stressors on the Caribbean sponge Aplysina cauliformis and its bacterial symbionts

机译：疾病和营养丰富作为加勒比海绵Aplysina cauliformis及其细菌共生物的潜在压力源

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摘要

Sponge diseases have recently emerged as potential forces structuring coral reefs. The increasing prevalence of disease on reefs may be due to changes in the virulence of pathogens and/or to decreases in host resistance as a result of changing environmental conditions. Coral reef ecosystems typically thrive in oligotrophic waters; however, runoff of fertilizers or sewage that contains elevated concentrations of nutrients can lead to eutrophic conditions. Aplysina cauliformis is a dominant member of the Caribbean sponge community, and is susceptible to Aplysina Red Band Syndrome (ARBS), a disease that causes reduced sponge growth and survival. We assessed the independent and interacting effects of nutrient enrichment and disease on A. cauliformis, using a factorial field experiment in which healthy and diseased sponges were exposed to nutrient-enriched or non-enriched treatments. Impacts on ARBS virulence (rate of lesion growth) and host response (both sponge and cyanobacterial symbiont growth and physiology) were assessed. ARBS lesions increased rapidly regardless of nutrient treatment, and disease had a significantly greater detrimental impact on sponges than did nutrient enrichment, as evidenced by a decline in sponge mass and reduced total protein content. The sponge-cyano-bacterial symbiont relationship was less impacted by disease, although the sponge-associated bacterial community was significantly affected by sponge condition, with healthy sponges and diseased tissue hosting significantly different bacterial assemblages. In contrast, nutrient enrichment had no effects on sponge or symbiont physiology. Disease is a much greater stressor than eutrophication on the growth and physiology of A. cauliformis and its cyanobacterial symbionts.
机译：最近，海绵病已成为构成珊瑚礁的潜在力量。疾病在珊瑚礁上的患病率上升可能是由于病原体的毒力变化和/或由于环境条件变化导致宿主抵抗力下降。珊瑚礁生态系统通常在贫营养水域繁盛。但是，肥料或污水中养分浓度较高的径流会导致富营养化状况。 Aplysina cauliformis是加勒比海海绵群落的主要成员，易患Aplysina红带综合症（ARBS），这种疾病会导致海绵的生长和存活率降低。我们使用析因田间试验评估了营养丰富和疾病对花粉曲霉的独立和相互作用的影响，在该试验中，健康的和患病的海绵均接受了营养丰富或未营养的处理。评估了对ARBS毒力（病变生长率）和宿主反应（海绵和蓝细菌共生体生长以及生理）的影响。无论采用何种营养处理，ARBS病变都会迅速增加，并且疾病对海绵的破坏作用要大于营养富集，这是由海绵质量下降和总蛋白质含量降低所证明的。海绵与氰基细菌的共生关系受疾病影响较小，尽管海绵相关的细菌群落受到海绵状况的显着影响，而健康海绵和患病组织具有明显不同的细菌组合。相反，营养物的富集对海绵或共生体生理没有影响。疾病对富营养化菜粉虱及其蓝藻共生体的生长和生理影响比富营养化要大得多。

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  • 来源
    《Marine ecology progress series》 |2012年第7期|p.101-111|共11页
  • 作者

    D. J. Gochfeld; C. G. Easson; C. J. Freeman; R. W. Thacker; J. B. Olson;

  • 作者单位

    National Center for Natural Products Research University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677-1848, USA,Environmental Toxicology Research Program,University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677-1848, USA;

    Environmental Toxicology Research Program,University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677-1848, USA;

    Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA;

    Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA;

    Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA;

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  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    sponge disease; nutrient enrichment; symbiosis; stressors;

    机译：海绵病营养丰富;共生压力源;

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