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Effects of fishing, market price, and climate on two South American clam species

机译：捕捞，市场价格和气候对南美两种蛤的影响

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摘要

Coastal shellfish are being threatened by several drivers acting at multiple temporal and spatial scales, including fishing, climate, and globalization of markets. We evaluated large-scale and long-term combined effects of fishing, climate, and economic variables on 2 congeneric clams that inhabit sandy beaches of the Pacific (Mesodesma donacium) and the Atlantic (M. mac-troides) in South America. Bioeconomic and climatic variables, such as coastal sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) and broad-scale climatic indices (Pacific Decadal Oscillation and Atlantic Multidecadal Osculation), were related to variations in clam populations in a differential way according to latitude and oceanographic features. For M. donacium, the nature and sign of the relationships between landings and explanatory predictors markedly differed between biocli-matic units. El Nino Southern Oscillation events negatively affected landings in Peru and northern Chile, whereas landings increased in southern Chile and showed a positive correlation with increasing SSTA, suggesting a positive effect at the southernmost edge of the species distribution. Long-term trends in the abundance of M. mactroides were related to fishing intensity and SSTA. As anticipated by basic economic theory, deficit of supply relative to demand, exacerbated by very low harvesting costs, pushed the price up and has driven these clam species to levels close to extinction (anthropogenic Allee effect). The lack of response of the stocks to long-term closures suggests that these systems exceeded critical thresholds (tipping points). Information on early warnings of tipping points is needed to help manage coastal shellfisheries that are increasingly threatened by long-lasting and large-scale stressors.
机译：沿海贝类正受到在多个时空尺度上行动的若干驱动因素的威胁，包括捕鱼，气候和市场全球化。我们评估了捕捞，气候和经济变量对居住在南美的太平洋（中球藻）和大西洋（mac-troides）沙滩上的两种同类蛤的大规模和长期综合影响。生物经济和气候变量，例如沿海海表温度异常（SSTA）和广泛的气候指数（太平洋年代际涛动和大西洋多年代涛动），都与蛤类种群的变化有关，这取决于纬度和海洋特征。对于M. donacium，着陆点和解释性预测因子之间关系的性质和标志在生物气候单位之间明显不同。厄尔尼诺南部涛动事件对秘鲁和智利北部的登陆量产生了负面影响，而智利南部的登陆量增加，并且与SSTA的增加呈正相关，表明在物种分布的最南端产生了积极影响。大型M. mactroides的长期趋势与捕鱼强度和SSTA相关。正如基本经济学理论所预期的那样，极低的收成成本加剧了相对于需求的供应不足，推高了价格，并将这些蛤类物种推向接近灭绝的水平（人为的阿利效应）。库存缺乏对长期关闭的反应，表明这些系统超过了临界阈值（临界点）。需要有关临界点预警的信息，以帮助管理日益受到长期和大规模压力源威胁的沿海贝类渔业。

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  • 来源
    《Marine ecology progress series》 |2012年第26期|71-85|共15页
  • 作者

    Leonardo Ortega; Juan Carlos Castilla; Marco Espino; Carmen Yamashiro; Omar Defeo;

  • 作者单位

    Direccion Nacional de Secursos Acuaticos (DINARA), Constituyente 1497,11200 Montevideo, Uruguay;

    Departamento de Ecologfa, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas and Centro Interdisciplinario de Cambio Global, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Casilla 114-D, Santiago, Chile;

    Instituto del Mar del Peru, Apartado 22, Callao, Peru;

    Instituto del Mar del Peru, Apartado 22, Callao, Peru;

    Direccion Nacional de Secursos Acuaticos (DINARA), Constituyente 1497,11200 Montevideo, Uruguay,Unidad de Ciencias del Mar (UNDECIMAS), Facultad de Ciencias, Igua 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    intertidal clams; sandy beaches; climate variability; fisheries bioeconomics;

    机译：潮间蛤沙滩气候变化;渔业生物经济学;

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