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The biological pump in a high CO_2 world

机译：高CO_2世界中的生物泵

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The vertical separation of organic matter formation from respiration can lead to net carbon sequestration within the ocean's interior, making the biological pump an important component of the global carbon cycle. Understanding the response of the biological pump to the changing environment is a prerequisite to predicting future atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations. Will the biological pump weaken or strengthen? Currently the ocean science community is unable to confidently answer this question. Carbon flux at approximately 1000 m depth, the sequestration flux, determines the removal of carbon from the atmosphere on time scales ≥100 yr. The sequestration flux depends upon: (1) input rates of nutrients allochthonous to the ocean, (2) the export flux at the base of the euphotic zone, (3) the deviation of carbon fixation and remine-ralization from Redfield stoichiometry, and (4) the flux attenuation in the upper 1000 m. The biological response to increasing temperature, ocean stratification, nutrient availability and ocean acidification is frequently taxa- and ecosystem-specific and the results of synergistic effects are challenging to predict. Consequently, the use of global averages and steady state assumptions (e.g. Redfield stoichiometry, mesopelagic nutrient inventory) for predictive models is often insufficient. Our ability to predict sequestration flux additionally suffers from a lack of understanding of mesopelagic food web functioning and flux attenuation. However, regional specific investigations show great promise, suggesting that in the near future predictions of changes to the biological pump will have to be regionally and ecosystem specific, with the ultimate goal of integrating to global scales.
机译：有机物形成与呼吸的垂直分离会导致海洋内部净碳固存，从而使生物泵成为全球碳循环的重要组成部分。了解生物泵对不断变化的环境的响应是预测未来大气中二氧化碳浓度的前提。生物泵会减弱还是增强？目前，海洋科学界无法自信地回答这个问题。大约1000 m深度处的碳通量（固存通量）决定了在≥100年的时间范围内从大气中除去碳。螯合通量取决于：（1）进入海洋的营养素的输入速率；（2）在常光区底部的出口通量；（3）碳固定和再矿化与雷德菲尔德化学计量的偏差，以及（ 4）通量衰减在上部1000 m。对温度升高，海洋分层，营养物可利用性和海洋酸化的生物反应通常是特定于分类和生态系统的，而协同效应的结果很难预测。因此，将全球平均数和稳态假设（例如雷德菲尔德化学计量法，中古营养养分清单）用于预测模型通常是不够的。我们预测螯合通量的能力还缺乏对中生食物网功能和通量衰减的了解。但是，针对特定区域的调查显示出很大的希望，这表明在不久的将来，对生物泵变化的预测将必须针对特定区域和生态系统，最终目标是要融入全球范围。

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