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首页> 外文期刊>Marine ecology progress series >Burrowing deeper into benthic nitrogen cycling: the impact of bioturbation on nitrogen fixation coupled to sulfate reduction
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Burrowing deeper into benthic nitrogen cycling: the impact of bioturbation on nitrogen fixation coupled to sulfate reduction

机译：深入底栖氮循环：生物扰动对固氮和硫酸盐还原的影响

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摘要

Biological dinitrogen (N_2) fixation is the primary input of fixed nitrogen (N) into the marine biosphere, making it an essential process contributing to the biological functions of all organisms. Because biologically available N often limits marine productivity, micro-bial processes leading to its loss and gain (e.g. denitrifi-cation and N_2 fixation, respectively) play an important role in global biogeochemical cycles. Bioturbation is known to influence benthic N cycling, most often reported as enhancement of denitrification and a subse-guent loss of N_2 from the system. N_2 fixation has rarely been addressed in bioturbation studies. Instead, sedimentary N_2 fixation typically has been considered important in relatively rare, localized habitats such as rhizosphere and phototrophic microbial mat environments. However, the potential for N_2 fixation in marine sediments may be more widespread. We show here that nitrogenase activity can be very high (up to 5 nmol C_2H_4 cm~(-3) h~(-1)) in coastal sediments bioturbated by the ghost shrimp Neotrypaea californiensis and at depths below 5 cm. Integrated subsurface N_2-fixation rates were greater than those previously found for un-vegetated es-tuarine sediments and were comparable to rates from photosynthetic microbial mats and rhizospheres. Inhibition experiments and genetic analysis showed that this activity was mainly linked to sulfate reduction. Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) are widespread and abundant in marine sediments, with many possessing the genetic capacity to fix N_2. Our results show that N_2 fixation by SRB in bioturbated sediments may be an important process leading to new N input into marine sediments. Given the ubiguity of bioturbation and of SRB in marine sediments, this overlooked benthic N_2 fixation may play an important role in marine N and carbon (C) cycles.
机译：生物固氮（N_2）的固定是海洋生物圈中固氮（N）的主要输入，这使其成为促进所有生物的生物功能的重要过程。由于可生物利用的氮通常会限制海洋生产力，因此导致其损失和增加的微生物过程（例如分别进行反硝化作用和N_2固定作用）在全球生物地球化学循环中起着重要作用。已知生物扰动会影响底栖N循环，最常见的报道是反硝化作用的增强和随后N_2从系统中的损失。在生物扰动研究中很少解决N_2固定问题。取而代之的是，沉积N_2固定通常被认为在相对罕见的局部生境中（例如根际和光养微生物垫环境）很重要。但是，在海洋沉积物中固定N_2的潜力可能更广泛。我们在这里表明，在鬼虾Neotrypaea californiensis扰动的沿海沉积物中，并且在5 cm以下的深度，固氮酶活性可能非常高（高达5 nmol C_2H_4 cm〜（-3）h〜（-1））。综合的地下N_2固着率比以前在无植被的依斯图里亚因沉积物中发现的固氮率要高，并且与光合微生物垫和根际的固氮率相当。抑制实验和遗传分析表明，该活性主要与硫酸盐还原有关。还原硫酸盐细菌（SRB）在海洋沉积物中广泛存在，其中许多具有固定N_2的遗传能力。我们的结果表明，SRB在生物扰动沉积物中固定N_2可能是导致新的N输入海洋沉积物中的重要过程。鉴于海洋沉积物中生物扰动和SRB的普遍性，这种被忽略的底栖N_2固定可能在海洋N和碳（C）循环中起重要作用。

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  • 来源
    《Marine ecology progress series》 |2010年第23期|P.1-15|共15页
  • 作者

    Victoria J. Bertics; Jill A. Sohm; Tina Treude; Cheryl-Emiliane T. Chow; Douqlas G. Capone; Jed A. Fuhrman; Wiebke Ziebis;

  • 作者单位

    Dept. of Biological Sciences and Wrigley Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Parkway, Allan Hancock Foundation Building, Los Angeles, California 90089-0371, USA Leibniz Institute of Marine Sciences, Wischhofstr. 1-3, GEB. 4, Kiel 24148, Germany;

    rnDept. of Biological Sciences and Wrigley Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Parkway, Allan Hancock Foundation Building, Los Angeles, California 90089-0371, USA;

    rnDept. of Biological Sciences and Wrigley Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Parkway, Allan Hancock Foundation Building, Los Angeles, California 90089-0371, USA Leibniz Institute of Marine Sciences, Wischhofstr. 1-3, GEB. 4, Kiel 24148, Germany;

    rnDept. of Biological Sciences and Wrigley Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Parkway, Allan Hancock Foundation Building, Los Angeles, California 90089-0371, USA;

    rnDept. of Biological Sciences and Wrigley Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Parkway, Allan Hancock Foundation Building, Los Angeles, California 90089-0371, USA;

    rnDept. of Biological Sciences and Wrigley Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Parkway, Allan Hancock Foundation Building, Los Angeles, California 90089-0371, USA;

    rnDept. of Biological Sciences and Wrigley Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Parkway, Allan Hancock Foundation Building, Los Angeles, California 90089-0371, USA;

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  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    bioturbation; crustaceans; marine sediment; microniche; nitrogen fixation; sulfate reduction;

    机译：生物扰动甲壳类海洋沉积物小生境固氮硫酸盐还原;

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