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Fine-scale spatial and temporal genetic structure of Atlantic cod off the Atlantic coast of the USA

机译：美国大西洋沿岸大西洋鳕鱼的精细时空遗传结构

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Atlantic cod Cadus morhua in US waters are currently managed as 2 stocks: (1) a Gulf of Maine stock and (2) a Georges Bank and south stock. This designation is decades old and warrants re-evaluation in light of concerns that fisheries management units may not reflect biologically meaningful population units. In this study, we used 10 microsatellite loci, the PanI locus, and 5 single nucleotide polymorphism markers to characterize the population genetic structure of cod in US waters. We found significant differentiation among temporally and spatially divergent populations of cod (global F_(ST) = 0.0044), primarily stemming from 2 potentially non-neutral loci, and evidence for a population structure that strongly contradicts the current 2-stock management model. This genetic structure was stable over a 5 yr period. Our results indicate that cod in US waters are broadly structured into 3 groups: (1) a northern spring-spawning coastal complex in the Gulf of Maine (GOM), (2) a southern complex consisting of winter-spawning inshore GOM, offshore GOM and sites south of Cape Cod, Massachusetts, and (3) a Georges Bank population. The strongest differentiation occurs between populations in the northern and southern complex (mean F_(ST) = 0.0085), some of which spawn in the same bays in different seasons. By means of mixture analysis, young-of-the-year fish sampled on juvenile nurseries were assigned to the spawning complex of their origin. Our findings contribute to a growing body of knowledge that Atlantic cod and other marine fish populations are structured on a finer scale than previously thought and that this structure supports biocomplexity and locally adapted populations. As such, it may be warranted to re-evaluate current management units and tailor management plans toward this finer scale.
机译：目前，在美国水域中，大西洋鳕鱼Cadus morhua被管理为2种种群：（1）缅因州海湾种群和（2）Georges Bank和南部种群。这个名称已有数十年历史，鉴于对渔业管理单位可能无法反映具有生物学意义的种群单位的担忧，因此有必要对它进行重新评估。在这项研究中，我们使用了10个微卫星基因座，PanI基因座和5个单核苷酸多态性标记物来表征美国水域鳕鱼的种群遗传结构。我们发现鳕鱼在时间和空间上有所不同（全球F_（ST）= 0.0044），这主要来自2个潜在的非中性基因座，并且存在明显与当前2种种群管理模型相矛盾的种群结构证据。该遗传结构在5年内保持稳定。我们的结果表明，美国水域中的鳕鱼大致分为三类：（1）缅因湾（GOM）北部春季产卵的沿海综合体，（2）南部包括冬季产卵的近海GOM，近海GOM的南部综合体和马萨诸塞州科德角以南的遗址，以及（3）乔治银行人口。最强烈的分化发生在北部和南部复合体之间的种群之间（平均F_（ST）= 0.0085），其中一些种群在不同季节产于同一海湾。通过混合物分析，将在幼稚园中取样的年幼鱼分配给其起源的产卵群。我们的发现有助于人们逐渐认识到，大西洋鳕鱼和其他海鱼种群的结构比以前认为的要小，并且这种结构支持生物复杂性和适应当地情况的种群。因此，可能有必要对当前的管理部门进行重新评估，并使管理计划适应更精细的规模。

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