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首页> 外文期刊>Marine ecology progress series >Density- and trait-mediated effects of fish predators on amphipod grazers: potential indirect benefits for the giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera
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Density- and trait-mediated effects of fish predators on amphipod grazers: potential indirect benefits for the giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera

机译：捕食性鱼类对两栖动物放牧者的密度和性状介导影响：巨大海带巨噬藻的潜在间接利益

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Indirect effects of predators on primary producers may arise when predators suppress herbivore abundance and/or alter the behaviour patterns of herbivores in ways that reduce grazing pressure. Most studies highlight the role of predators in reducing herbivore abundance (i.e. density-mediated interactions), while behavioural effects (i.e. trait-mediated interactions) induced by predators are less commonly considered and are often assumed to be of secondary importance. We used a mesocosm experiment to evaluate the consumptive and behavioural effects of 2 species of predatory fishes on amphipod grazers that feed and nest on the giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera. Only one, Noto-labrus celidotus, of the 2 predator species reduced grazer abundance. Although the second predator species, N. fucicola, did not affect grazer abundance directly, it significantly reduced the grazing efficiency of amphipods on blades of M. pyrifera. Our study illustrates how density- and trait-mediated interactions reduce grazer efficiency and provide potential indirect benefits to primary producers. To our knowledge, this is the first experimental evidence of a potential trophic cascade in kelp beds generated by consumptive and nonconsumptive effects. When considered alongside results of other studies that highlight positive effects of macroalgae on reef fish demographic rates, our results provide compelling evidence that mutualistic relationships may exist between kelp and associated predatory fishes.
机译：当捕食者以降低放牧压力的方式抑制食草动物的丰度和/或改变食草动物的行为方式时，可能会对食肉动物产生间接影响。大多数研究强调了掠食者在减少草食动物丰度（即密度介导的相互作用）中的作用，而掠食者引起的行为效应（即特质介导的相互作用）则较少被考虑，并且通常被认为具有次要的重要性。我们使用了一个介观实验来评估两种捕食鱼类对在巨型海藻巨囊藻（Phypercystis pyrifera）上觅食和筑巢的两栖动物放牧者的消费和行为影响。 2种捕食者中只有一种（Noto-labrus celidotus）降低了放牧者的数量。尽管第二个捕食者物种烟熏猪笼草没有直接影响放牧者的丰度，但它显着降低了拟南芥叶片上两栖动物的放牧效率。我们的研究表明，密度和性状介导的相互作用如何降低放牧者的效率并为初级生产者提供潜在的间接利益。据我们所知，这是海藻床中由消耗性和非消耗性作用产生的潜在营养级联的第一个实验证据。当与其他研究的结果（强调大型藻类对礁鱼人口统计率的影响）一起考虑时，我们的结果提供了令人信服的证据，表明海带与相关掠食性鱼类之间可能存在相互关系。

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