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Opposite responses by an intertidal predator to increasing aquatic and aerial temperatures

机译：潮间带捕食者对水温和气温升高的相反反应

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摘要

Predicting the effects of climate change on ecosystems requires an understanding of how temperature alters organismal physiology and behavior. Because predation can shape patterns of abundance and diversity across a community, it is critical to understand the effect of temperature on predator behavior. Climate change in intertidal systems will comprise changes in both air and water temperatures, yet most previous marine intertidal studies have focused on either air or water temperature alone. In a 20 d laboratory study, we examined the effect of changing emersed and submersed body temperatures on the feeding and growth rates of Nucella ostrina, a common northeastern Pacific intertidal gastropod that feeds primarily on the barnacle Balanus glandula. Our results revealed a large increase in both predation and growth rates with higher submersion temperatures (13.5℃ compared with 11℃). In contrast, we observed a large decrease in the feeding and growth of N. ostrina exposed to the highest emersed body temperature (28℃) when compared with intermediate (20℃) and cooler (12℃) aerial temperatures. Thus, while B. glandula may suffer greater predation-related mortality in warmer water temperatures, it may actually experience a release from predation if air temperatures warm. Our study points to the importance of considering temperatures reached during both submersion and emersion separately, and examining behavioral responses in light of physiologically relevant temperatures and thermal regimes.
机译：预测气候变化对生态系统的影响需要了解温度如何改变生物生理和行为。因为捕食可以塑造整个社区的丰富度和多样性模式，所以了解温度对捕食者行为的影响至关重要。潮间带系统中的气候变化将包括空气和水温的变化，但是大多数以前的海洋潮间带研究仅关注空气或水温。在一项为期20天的实验室研究中，我们研究了变化的发芽和淹没后的体温对Nucella ostrina（东北太平洋常见的潮间腹足纲动物，主要以藤壶Balanus腺为食）的摄食和生长速率的影响。我们的研究结果表明，较高的浸没温度（13.5℃对11℃）提高了捕食和生长速度。相比之下，与中间温度（20℃）和凉爽温度（12℃）相比，暴露于最高发芽温度（28℃）的ostost猪笼草的摄食和生长大大降低。因此，尽管在温暖的水温下，腺芽孢杆菌可能遭受与捕食有关的更大死亡，但如果气温升高，它实际上可能会从捕食中释放出来。我们的研究指出，必须分别考虑浸没和浸没过程中达到的温度，并根据生理相关的温度和热状况检查行为反应。

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