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首页> 外文期刊>Marine ecology progress series >Overview of phenotypic plasticity in echinoid larvae, 'Echinopluteus transversus' type vs. typical echinoplutei
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Overview of phenotypic plasticity in echinoid larvae, 'Echinopluteus transversus' type vs. typical echinoplutei

机译：棘突类幼虫表型可塑性概述与典型棘突类

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Many sea urchin echinoplutei exhibit phenotypic plasticity, increasing arm length to enhance food capture in nutrient poor conditions. We tested this phenomenon in species with contrasting larval forms reared in similar feeding conditions. Heliocidaris tuberculata has a typical echinopluteus larva with 4 pairs of arms while Centrostephanus rodgersii larvae have only 1 pair of arms ('Echinopluteus transversus' type larva). Larvae were exposed to high, medium and no food treatments. The ratio 'postoral arm length' to 'midline body length' (PO:MBL) was used to document phenotypic plasticity. Fed H. tuberculata larvae developed short postoral arms and low PO:MBL, while starved larvae developed long postoral arms and high PO:MBL, indicative of plastic arm growth. In contrast, well fed C. rodgersii larvae had the longest arms and high PO:MBL, indicating the absence of plastic arm growth. Taking MBL into account, ANCOVA revealed that differences among treatments were due to PO. The hypothesis that starved C. rnrodgersii larvae would develop long arms was not supported. Principal component analysis confirmed that larvae in different food treatments had distinct morphologies and that H. tuberculata and C. rodgersii had opposite growth patterns with respect to food treatment. We suggest that 'Echinopluteus transversus' type larvae are adapted for long distance dispersal, and with only 2 arms for feeding and swimming, there may be an imperative to maintain arm length irrespective of food conditions. Phenotypic plasticity in echino-pluteal arm growth is not universal and may be influenced by phytogeny, latitude and the hydromechanics of larval form.
机译：许多海胆棘皮动物表现出表型可塑性，增加臂长以增强营养不足条件下的食物捕获。我们在相似的饲养条件下以对比的幼体形式在物种中测试了这种现象。 Heliocidaris tuberculata有一个典型的棘皮幼虫，带有4对臂，而Centrostephanus rodgersii幼体只有1对臂（“ Echinopluteus transversus”型幼虫）。幼虫暴露于高，中，无食物处理。使用“邮政臂长”与“中线身长”（PO：MBL）的比率来记录表型可塑性。 Fed H. tuberculata幼虫发育成短的邮政臂和低PO：MBL，而饥饿的幼虫发育成长的邮政臂和高PO：MBL，表明可塑性臂生长。相反，饱食的罗氏梭菌幼虫臂最长，PO：MBL高，表明没有可塑性臂生长。考虑到MBL，ANCOVA显示治疗之间的差异是由PO引起的。饥饿的罗氏梭菌幼虫会长臂的假说没有得到支持。主成分分析证实，在不同食品处理中的幼虫具有不同的形态，并且在食品处理方面，H。tuberculata和C. rodgersii具有相反的生长方式。我们建议'Echinopluteus transversus'型幼虫适合长距离扩散，并且只有2条手臂进行喂养和游泳，不管食物条件如何，都必须保持手臂的长度。棘皮动物-尺骨臂生长的表型可塑性不是普遍的，并且可能受到植物学，纬度和幼体形式的流体力学的影响。

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