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Unexpected patterns of facilitatory grazing revealed by quantitative imaging

机译：定量成像显示的意外放牧模式

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Micro-algae (the principal food of intertidal gastropods) were quantified in areas surrounding mid-shore refuges of the intertidal snail Nerita atramentosa to test the hypothesis that removal of important grazers would lead to more micro-algae. Digital colour-infrared imagery provided independent quantitative measurements of amounts of chlorophyll (as an index of amounts of micro-algae) over small areas through time. To determine the effect of grazing on micro-algal abundance, cages were used to exclude animals from refuges. Other refuges were left uncaged or had partial, control cages. Contrary to predictions, amounts of micro-algae in areas close to refuges from which N. atramentosa had been excluded were smaller than in controls, suggesting facilitatory effects of N. atramentosa on micro-algal growth or survivorship. Facilitation may occur because of decreased grazing by the limpet Cellana tramoserica where N. atramentosa (a competitive dominant) are present or to facilitatory effects of N. atramentosa directly on the micro-algae. To unravel complex ecological interactions involving grazing around refuges and the impact of grazing on ecological structure and function it is necessary to make repeated, independent measurements through time. Remote-sensing provided information on distribution of food that would be difficult or impossible to achieve using conventional methods. This research identified complexities and interactions that have implications for the study of grazing effects across many terrestrial, intertidal and marine habitats.
机译：在潮间蜗牛Nerita atramentosa的中岸避难所周围地区对微藻类（潮间腹足类动物的主要食物）进行了定量，以检验以下假设：去除重要的放牧者会导致更多的微藻类。数字彩色红外图像提供了随时间变化的小区域内叶绿素含量（作为微藻含量指标）的独立定量测量结果。为了确定放牧对微藻类丰度的影响，使用笼子将动物排除在避难所之外。其他避难所没有笼子或有部分控制笼。与预测相反，在排除了金黄色葡萄球菌的避难所附近的区域中，微藻的数量少于对照组，这表明金黄色葡萄球菌对微藻的生长或存活具有促进作用。促进作用可能是由于存在烟叶猪笼草（竞争优势种）的蛤Cellana tramoserica的放牧减少或由于烟叶猪笼草对微藻的直接促进作用。为了弄清涉及避难所周围放牧的复杂生态相互作用以及放牧对生态结构和功能的影响，有必要进行多次独立的重复测量。遥感提供了有关食物分配的信息，而使用传统方法很难或不可能实现。这项研究确定了复杂性和相互作用，这些复杂性和相互作用对研究许多陆地，潮间带和海洋生境的放牧影响具有影响。

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