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Movements of sperm whales in the tropical Pacific

机译：热带太平洋中抹香鲸的运动

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The movements of female and immature sperm whales Physeter macrocephalus in the tropical Pacific Ocean and adjacent waters are described using photoidentifications over time scales of 3 d to 15 yr and the tracks of followed groups over scales of 1 to 48 h. The female/immature whales frequently made movements of less than 2000 km and occasionally made movements of about 4000 km. There were no recorded movements of greater than 5000 km (for instance, between the eastern and western Pacific). On average, displacements for female/immature whales were about 4 km after 1 h of movement, 50 km after 1 d, 200 km after 3 d, and 1000 km after periods of 1 yr or more. Members of the 2 principal cultural clans of female and immature sperm whales that use waters near the Galapagos had distinctive movement patterns over all time scales greater than 3 h, with 1 clan's displacements about 50 % greater than the displacements of the other. Displacements were greater than predicted by the correlated random walk over scales of 12 to 48 h because of autocorrelation in displacement, approximately as predicted by the correlated random walk over periods of days to weeks, but less than predicted by the correlated random walk over scales of years because of boundaries of home ranges. The adaptive movement of sperm whales over large spatial and temporal scales likely contributes to their substantial trophic impact, and reduces geographic population structure. These movements, together with cultural heterogeneity, complicate the management of the species, including the designation of management stocks.
机译：雌性和未成熟的抹香鲸Physeter macrocephalus在热带太平洋和邻近水域的运动是通过3 d至15 yr时间范围内的光识别和1到48 h范围内跟随群体的轨迹进行描述的。母鲸/未成年鲸经常移动少于2000公里，偶尔移动约4000公里。没有记录到超过5000公里的运动（例如，在东西太平洋之间）。平均而言，雌性/未成年鲸的位移在运动1 h后约4 km，在1 d后约50 km，在3 d后约200 km，在1年或更长时间后约1000 km。在加拉帕戈斯群岛附近使用水域的两个雌性和未成熟抹香鲸的两个主要文化氏族的成员在超过3小时的所有时间范围内都有独特的运动方式，其中一个氏族的位移比另一个氏族的位移大50％。由于位移的自相关，位移大于相关的随机游走量12至48 h的预测，大约与几天至几周的相关随机游走所预测的相似，但小于相关的随机游移的相对游标所预测的年由于家庭范围的边界。抹香鲸在较大的时空尺度上的适应性运动可能有助于它们的实质营养作用，并减少地理种群结构。这些运动，加上文化的异质性，使该物种的管理（包括管理种群的指定）变得复杂。

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