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首页> 外文期刊>Marine ecology progress series >Spatial patterns of maternal investment in Strongylocentrotus franciscanus along a marine-terrestrial gradient
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Spatial patterns of maternal investment in Strongylocentrotus franciscanus along a marine-terrestrial gradient

机译：陆地—海洋梯度上的圆线强奸产妇投资的空间格局

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In near-shore marine ecosystems, organisms inhabit an interface between marine and terrestrial environments where both systems interact in complex ways. These interactions may occur along gradients in biophysical conditions that vary over spatial and temporal scales. These environmental conditions are known to drive many biological processes with resulting influence on a given species life history. In the present study we examined spatial variation in indices of reproductive fitness, namely fecundity, egg volume, and egg biochemistry in the red sea urchin Strongylocentrotus franciscanus along a spatial gradient of decreasing wave energy and increasing terrestrial influence in Barkley Sound, British Columbia, Canada. Stable carbon (δ~(15)C) isotopic analysis was used as a bioindicator of (1) the influence of terrestrially derived carbon in egg production and (2) the concomitant effects of assimilation of terrestrial carbon on egg quality. Stable nitrogen (δ~(15)N) isotopic analysis was used to assess trophic status among and within locations and relate this back to the strength of the gradients. We found that urchins in the lowest energy wave environment released the most eggs compared to all other locations. Egg volume was similar across all sites in the present study; however, within each site, mean egg volume varied among female urchins. Egg biochemistry (e.g. protein, carbohydrate and lipid levels), a proxy for egg quality, was the same at all sites, although analysis of percent carbon, a proxy for lipids, suggested a trend in increasing levels as distance from high wave energy environments increased. No obvious spatial pattern in δ~(13)C was observed, suggesting that input of terrestrial organic material is well diluted in Barkley Sound. With respect to δ~(15)N, we found little variation in trophic level at which foraging takes place. In contrast there were different δ~(13)C and δ~(15)N levels when comparing egg to tube foot tissue, suggesting that temporally S. franciscanus was feeding on different food sources or that for these tissue types urchins differentially assimilate carbon and nitrogen isotopes.
机译：在近岸海洋生态系统中，生物栖息于海洋和陆地环境之间的界面，其中两种系统以复杂的方式相互作用。这些相互作用可能会沿生物物理条件的梯度发生，这些梯度会在空间和时间范围内变化。已知这些环境条件会驱动许多生物过程，从而对给定物种的生活史产生影响。在本研究中，我们研究了加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省巴克利湾的波能递减和陆地影响增强的空间梯度，即红海胆Strongylocentrotus franciscanus的生殖适应指数（即生殖力，卵量和卵生化）的空间变化。 。稳定碳（δ〜（15）C）同位素分析被用作以下生物指标：（1）陆生衍生碳对鸡蛋生产的影响；（2）陆生碳同化对鸡蛋品质的伴随影响。稳定的氮（δ〜（15）N）同位素分析用于评估位置之间和内部的营养状态，并将其与梯度强度相关。我们发现，与所有其他位置相比，处于最低能量波环境中的海胆释放的卵最多。本研究中所有部位的卵量相似。但是，在每个部位，雌性海胆的平均卵量各不相同。鸡蛋的生化指标（例如蛋白质，碳水化合物和脂质的水平）是代表鸡蛋质量的指标，在​​所有地点都是相同的，尽管对碳的百分比（代表脂质的指标）的分析表明，随着距高波能环境距离的增加，水平呈上升趋势。在δ〜（13）C中没有观察到明显的空间格局，这表明在Barkley Sound中，地面有机物质的输入被充分稀释了。关于δ〜（15）N，我们发现觅食时的营养水平几乎没有变化。相比之下，将蛋与管脚组织进行比较时，δ〜（13）C和δ〜（15）N含量不同，这表明暂时的弗朗西斯科链霉菌以不同的食物为食，或者这些组织类型的顽童差异吸收同化碳和氮同位素。

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