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首页> 外文期刊>Marine ecology progress series >Does the probabilistic maturation reaction norm approach disentangle phenotypic plasticity from genetic change?
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Does the probabilistic maturation reaction norm approach disentangle phenotypic plasticity from genetic change?

机译：概率成熟反应规范方法是否使表型可塑性与遗传变化分离？

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摘要

Two-dimensional probabilistic maturation reaction norms (PMRNs) define the probability that individuals mature as a function of age and size. PMRNs have recently been used to derive empirical support for the hypothesis that high fishing mortality has induced genetic change towards earlier maturation in exploited populations. However, the 2-dimensional PMRN method does not, strictly speaking, disentangle phenotypic plasticity from genetic change in maturation. Instead, it disentangles the contribution of variation in growth and mortality from other sources of variation contributing to changes in maturation. After removing the contribution of variation in growth and mortality, any remaining change is not necessarily purely genetic. Environmental factors may exist that directly affect the propensity to mature at a certain size and age. An observed trend in the size-age PMRN may therefore be partly or fully explained by a co-incidental trend in an (environmental) factor. As pointed out by Grift et al. (2007; Mar Ecol Prog Ser 334:213-224), such co-dependence is captured conceptually by multi-dimensional PMRNs, as opposed to 2-dimensional (size-age) PMRNs, where the higher dimensions represent the relevant variables. Dimensions that may partly or fully explain the observed trends in size-age PMRNs, other than evolution, include temperature, polluting endocrine-disrupting chemicals, the social structure of the population, and body condition; changes in the last two may be fisheries-induced. To illustrate these views, I re-analysed data on North Sea plaice, and demonstrated that temperature explains part of the shift in the size-age PMRN but that a residual shift remains. The latter finding supports the hypothesis of genetic change.
机译：二维概率成熟反应规范（PMRN）定义了个体根据年龄和大小而成熟的概率。 PMRN最近已用于为以下假设提供经验支持：高捕捞死亡率已导致被剥削种群朝着较早成熟的遗传变化。但是，严格地说，二维PMRN方法不能将表型可塑性与成熟过程中的遗传变化区分开。相反，它使增长和死亡率变化的贡献与导致成熟变化的其他变化来源分离开来。除去生长和死亡率变化的影响后，任何剩余的变化不一定都是纯遗传的。可能存在直接影响一定规模和年龄的成熟环境因素。因此，可以通过（环境）因素的共同趋势来部分或完全解释观测到的尺寸年龄PMRN趋势。正如Grift等人所指出的。 （2007年； Mar Ecol Prog Ser 334：213-224），这种相互依赖性在概念上是由多维PMRN捕获的，而不是二维（大小年龄）PMRN，后者的较高维度表示相关变量。除进化以外，可能部分或完全解释观测到的大龄PMRN趋势的维度包括温度，污染内分泌的化学物质，人口的社会结构和身体状况；最后两个方面的变化可能是渔业引起的。为了说明这些观点，我重新分析了北海鱼的数据，并证明了温度解释了尺寸-年龄PMRN的部分变化，但残留的变化仍然存在。后一个发现支持了遗传变化的假说。

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