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首页> 外文期刊>Marine ecology progress series >Computer simulations of high shore littorinids predict small-scale spatial and temporal distribution patterns on rocky shores
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Computer simulations of high shore littorinids predict small-scale spatial and temporal distribution patterns on rocky shores

机译：高海岸滨海类动物的计算机模拟预测了岩石海岸上的小规模时空分布格局

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High shore littorinid snails exhibit complex spatial distribution patterns, forming dense aggregations both in crevices and on crevice-free sections of rocky shores. To understand how these patterns may form, an individual-based computer simulation of littorinid behaviour, similar to those used to model social insects, was used to mimic snail movement on rocky shores. Individual littorinid movement patterns were simulated, along with chance interactions with other littorinids, their trails, crevices and any resultant decisions made by the littorinids when these interactions occurred. The simulation investigated how simple behavioural rules can predict spatial aggregation patterns and the persistence and variation of these aggregation patterns over timescales of several tidal cycles. Morisita's index of dispersal showed good agreement between the simulation and observed patterns of littorinids on-shore. Trail-following was vital in the simulation, since points where trails intersected with crevices, or points where 2 or more trails met, formed the site of aggregations. Both in the simulation and in reality, aggregations often occurred in identical positions over several tidal cycles, both within and outside crevices. This temporal predictability may be due to the persistence of mucus trails on the shore over successive tidal cycles. Removal of the influence of past mucus trails from the simulation resulted in far lower persistence of aggregations over time. The simulation, therefore, is an important tool in examining behavioural mechanisms of intertidal animals. It provides insights into how simple behaviour of grazing animals can explain complex population patterns and subsequently the community dynamics of algal-herbivore interactions.
机译：高海岸滨海蜗牛表现出复杂的空间分布格局，在岩石海岸的缝隙和无缝隙区域均形成密集的聚集体。为了理解这些模式是如何形成的，使用了类似于建模社交昆虫的基于个人的计算机模拟立特宁行为，来模拟蜗牛在多岩石的海岸上的运动。模拟了各个同伴类的运动模式，以及与其他同伴类的偶然相互作用，它们的踪迹，缝隙以及这些互动发生时同伴类做出的任何最终决定。该模拟研究了简单的行为规则如何预测空间聚集模式以及这些聚集模式在几个潮汐周期的时间尺度上的持久性和变化性。 Morisita的分散指数表明，在岸上的立托虫类动物的模拟与观察到的模式之间有很好的一致性。在模拟中，跟踪路径至关重要，因为路径与缝隙相交的点或两条或更多路径相交的点形成了聚集点。无论是在模拟中还是在现实中，在裂缝内部和外部的多个潮汐周期中，聚集经常发生在相同的位置。这种时间上的可预测性可能是由于连续潮汐周期上海岸上的粘液迹迹持续存在所致。从模拟中删除了过去的粘液迹线的影响后，随着时间的推移，聚集的持久性将大大降低。因此，模拟是检查潮间动物行为机制的重要工具。它提供了关于放牧动物的简单行为如何解释复杂的种群模式以及随后的藻－草食动物相互作用的群落动态的见解。

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