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首页> 外文期刊>Marine ecology progress series >Maternal effects vary between source populations in the Atlantic tomcod Microgadus tomcod
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Maternal effects vary between source populations in the Atlantic tomcod Microgadus tomcod

机译：孕产妇的影响因大西洋toMicrogadus to的来源种群而异

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摘要

Identifying the sources of variation in traits of larvae is one of the first steps in interpreting the role of phenotypic variation in recruitment. We examined the contributions of geographic source and parentage to phenotypic variation in offspring traits in a gadid, Microgadus tomcod, from 2 contrasting yet nearby locations. Adults were collected from the Hudson River (HR), a polluted riverine estuary with strong freshwater and tidal fluxes, and Shinnecock Bay (SB), a relatively clean barrier beach and lagoon system with minimal freshwater inflows. Eggs were stripped from fish in the laboratory and incubated in a common environment. Female and offspring traits varied substantially between populations. Females from SB had a higher ovary weight and gonado-somatic index (GSI) relative to body length, and produced larger eggs. Contrary to expectation, higher female condition did not result in larvae of better condition. SB offspring had smaller yolk reserves at hatch and were less resistant to starvation than offspring from HR, though size at hatching did not differ between the 2 populations. SB offspring took 25% longer to hatch, thereby increasing dependence on yolk reserves as embryos. This may represent a trade-off in time to hatching versus quality at hatching in tomcod from different environments. Geographic source accounted for more variance than maternal effects in time to hatch (90%) and yolk volume at hatch (42%). Maternal influence accounted for more variance in egg diameter (90%), length at hatch (33%) and starvation resistance (30%), though none of these measures was correlated to female size or age. These results emphasize differences in early life history traits across a small geographic scale and the extent to which offspring differences due to maternal effects depend on the local environment.
机译：识别幼虫性状变异的来源是解释表型变异在募集中的作用的第一步。我们研究了来自2个对比但附近位置的小种Microgadus tomcod的地理来源和亲缘关系对后代性状表型变异的贡献。成年动物采集自哈得逊河（HR），河口受污染，淡水和潮汐通量大，而欣讷科克湾（SB）是相对干净的屏障海滩和泻湖系统，淡水流入最少。在实验室中从鱼上剥去鸡蛋，然后在普通环境中孵化。种群之间的女性和后代特征差异很大。 SB的雌性相对于体长具有较高的卵巢重量和性腺体细胞指数（GSI），并产生较大的卵。与预期相反，较高的女性状况并未导致状况较好的幼虫。 SB的后代在孵化时的卵黄储量较小，并且对饥饿的抵抗力比HR的后代低，尽管在这两个种群之间孵化的大小没有差异。 SB后代的孵化时间要长25％，从而增加了对卵黄储备作为胚胎的依赖性。这可能代表了在孵化时间与来自不同环境的方法中孵化质量之间的权衡。与产妇的孵化时间（90％）和卵黄量（42％）相比，地理来源的差异更大。产妇的影响导致卵径（90％），出雏时间（33％）和饥饿抵抗（30％）的差异更大，尽管这些指标均与女性的体型或年龄无关。这些结果强调了在较小地理范围内早期生活史特征的差异，以及由于母体影响而造成的后代差异在多大程度上取决于当地环境。

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