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首页> 外文期刊>Marine ecology progress series >Photoinhibition from chronic herbicide exposure reduces reproductive output of reef-building corals
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Photoinhibition from chronic herbicide exposure reduces reproductive output of reef-building corals

机译：长期除草剂暴露引起的光抑制作用会降低造礁珊瑚的繁殖产量

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The photosystem II (PSII) herbicide diuron is commonly used within catchments that drain into the Great Barrier Reef lagoon, where it potentially reduces photosynthesis in Symbiodinium, the dinoflagellate symbiont associated with reef corals. Here we examine the importance of energy (carbohydrates) derived from photosynthesis to the gametogenesis of corals following longterm, experimental exposures to diuron. Two broadcast spawning corals, Acropora tenuis and A. valida, and a brooding coral, Pocillopora damicornis, were exposed to 0 (controls), 1.0 (low) and 10 (moderate) μg l~(-1) diuron treatments for 2 to 3 mo prior to spawning or planulation. Diuron caused photoinhibition in each species, with pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) fluorometery recording consistent declines in effective quantum yields of 20 % at 1.0 μg l~(-1) and 75 % at 10 μg l~(-1) diuron compared to control corals. A. valida and P. damicornis were both sensitive to chronic diuron-induced photoinhibition, becoming severely bleached (loss of Symbiodinium spp. and/or reductions in light-harvesting pigments), especially at 10 μg l~(-1) diuron. At this moderate concentration, A. valida sustained both partial and full colony mortality. A. tenuis was more resistant to these concentrations of diuron, and neither bleached nor sustained partial mortality in any of the treatments. We found 2.5-to 5-fold reductions in total lipid content (coral tissue, oocytes and planulae) for the 3 species in the presence of diuron, indicating significant use of storage lipid to meet nutritional demands under conditions of chronic photoinhibition. Polyp fecundity was reduced by 6-fold in A. valida and both A. valida and P. damicornis were unable to spawn or planulate following long-term exposures to 10 μg l~(-1) diuron. This is the first study to investigate the sub-lethal effects of chronic herbicide-induced photoinhibition on symbiotic corals and provides evidence of a link between reduced energy acquisition due to PSII photoinhibition and reduced reproductive output in zooxanthellate corals.
机译：光系统II（PSII）除草剂敌草隆通常在流到大堡礁泻湖的流域内使用，在那里它可能会减少共生生物中的光合作用，共生生物是与珊瑚礁珊瑚相关的二鞭毛生物。在这里，我们研究了在长期，实验性地暴露于敌草隆之后，光合作用产生的能量（碳水化合物）对珊瑚配子发生的重要性。将两个繁殖的产卵珊瑚Acropora tenuis和A.valida以及一个育卵珊瑚Pocillopora damicornis分别暴露于0（对照），1.0（低）和10（中度）μgl〜（-1）的diuron处理下2到3在产卵或计划之前。敌草隆在每个物种中均引起光抑制，脉冲幅度调制（PAM）荧光计记录了与对照相比，敌草隆在1.0μgl〜（-1）时有效量子产率持续下降，分别为20％和10μgl〜（-1）75％。珊瑚。 A.valida和P. damicornis都对慢性的diuron诱导的光抑制敏感，变得严重漂白（Symbiodinium spp。的损失和/或光收集色素的减少），尤其是在10μgl〜（-1）diuron的情况下。在此中等浓度下，有效曲霉既维持了部分或全部菌落的死亡率。 A. tenuis对这些浓度的敌草隆更具抵抗力，在任何处理中均未出现漂白或持续的部分死亡。我们发现，在存在敌草隆的情况下，这3个物种的总脂质含量（珊瑚组织，卵母细胞和扁平细胞）减少了2.5到5倍，这表明在长期光抑制条件下，大量使用贮存脂质可以满足营养需求。在长期暴露于10μgl〜（-1）的diuron中后，A.valida的息肉繁殖力降低了6倍，A.valida和P. damicornis均无法产卵或计划生育。这是第一个研究慢性除草剂诱导的光抑制对共生珊瑚的亚致死作用的研究，并提供了证据表明PSII光抑制导致的能量获取减少与人兽共患珊瑚的生殖输出减少之间存在联系。

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