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首页> 外文期刊>Marine ecology progress series >Baleen whales are not important as prey for killer whales Orcinus orca in high-latitude regions
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Baleen whales are not important as prey for killer whales Orcinus orca in high-latitude regions

机译：在高纬度地区，鲸鱼不是虎鲸Orcinus orca的猎物，并不重要

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Certain populations of killer whales Orcinus orca feed primarily or exclusively on marine mammals. However, whether or not baleen whales represent an important prey source for killer whales is debatable. A hypothesis by Springer et al. (2003) suggested that overexploitation of large whales by industrial whaling forced killer whales to prey-switch from baleen whales to pinnipeds and sea otters, resulting in population declines for these smaller marine mammals in the North Pacific and southern Bering Sea. This prey-switching hypothesis is in part contingent upon the idea that killer whales commonly attack mysticetes while they are in these high-latitude areas. In this study, we used photographic and sighting data from long-term studies of baleen whales in 24 regions worldwide to determine the proportion of whales that bear scars (rake marks) from killer whale attacks, and to examine the timing of scar acquisition. The results of this study show that there is considerable geographic variation in the proportion of whales with rake marks, ranging from 0% to ＞ 40% in different regions. In every region, the great majority of the scars seen were present on the whales' bodies when the animals were first sighted. Less than 7 % (9 of 132) of scarred humpback whales with multi-year sighting histories acquired new scars after the first sighting. This suggests that most killer whale attacks on baleen whales target young animals, probably calves on their first migration from low-latitude breeding and calving areas to high-latitude feeding grounds. Overall, our results imply that adult baleen whales are not an important prey source for killer whales in high latitudes, and therefore that one of the primary assumptions underlying the Springer et al. (2003) prey-switching hypothesis (and its purported link to industrial whaling) is invalid.
机译：某些虎鲸Orcinus orca种群主要或仅以海洋哺乳动物为食。但是，鲸鱼是否代表虎鲸的重要猎物来源，仍有待商bat。 Springer等人的假设。 （2003年）提出，工业捕鲸对大鲸的过度开采迫使虎鲸从捕鲸转变为pin鱼和pin和水獭，导致北太平洋和白令海南部这些小型海洋哺乳动物的种群减少。这种猎物转换假说在一定程度上取决于以下观点：虎鲸在这些高纬度地区时通常会袭击神秘兽。在这项研究中，我们使用了来自全球24个地区的须鲸的长期研究的照相和目击数据，以确定带有虎鲸袭击伤痕（耙痕）的鲸鱼的比例，并研究了疤痕获取的时间。这项研究的结果表明，带有耙痕的鲸鱼比例存在很大的地理差异，不同地区的鲸鱼比例从0％到＞ 40％。在每个地区，初次见到动物时，所见到的大部分疤痕都出现在鲸鱼的身上。多年目击历史中，不到7％的座头鲸（132个中的9个）在第一次目击后就获得了新的疤痕。这表明，对虎鲸的大多数虎鲸袭击都针对幼小的动物，可能是它们从低纬度繁殖和产犊区到高纬度觅食场的第一次迁移时的牛犊。总的来说，我们的结果暗示成年的鲸鱼不是高纬度虎鲸的重要猎物，因此，Springer等人的基本假设之一。 （2003年）猎物转移假说（及其与工业捕鲸活动的联系）无效。

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