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首页> 外文期刊>Marine ecology progress series >Effects of tropical open-water seaweed farming on seagrass ecosystem structure and function
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Effects of tropical open-water seaweed farming on seagrass ecosystem structure and function

机译：热带露天海藻养殖对海草生态系统结构和功能的影响

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Seaweed farming is often depicted as a sustainable form of aquaculture, but suspected habitat alterations and spread of algae outside farms have rendered speculations on the actual degree of sustainability. We conducted an experimental field study on Unguja Island (Zanzibar, Tanzania) to investigate the effects of off-bottom seaweed farming on a tropical seagrass ecosystem, using 1.5 x 2.5 m experimental farm plots. After 11 wk, above-ground seagrass biomass was 40% lower than in control plots, owing to a combination of lower shoot density, shoot length and leaf growth rate. Since the biomass was constant between Day 15 and 75 in the farm (F) treatment, but increased by 67 vs. 48% in the 2 controls (control treatment [C] and stick-and-line control treatment [CSL]), the effect exerted by the farm was a lack of potential biomass increase rather than an actual decrease. The effect was transplanted to associated organisms both in terms of lower seagrass epiphyte cover and changes in the abundance of 2 dominating epifauna taxa ( > 1 cm): sea urchins and sponges. Furthermore, the F treatment caused an accumulation of seagrass leaf litter, but did not affect sediment organic matter (SOM) content. The mechanisms behind these effects were not explicitly tested, but algal shading, emergence stress and mechanical abrasion were identified as likely contributors. Interestingly, the effects were largely restricted to 1 of the 2 seagrass species present, Enhalus acoroides, while the other, Thalassia hemprichii, remained more or less unaffected. This may be due to reduced interspecific competition or species-specific differences in morphology and stress tolerance, and could in the long-term have implications for (amongst others) associated fish communities. Although seaweed farming at the current level is less detrimental than, for example, intensive shrimp farming, and therefore should be seen as a strong option for future aquaculture developments, intensive farming on seagrasses should be avoided or at least minimized by, for example, implementing other farming methods. The risk of ecosystem-level changes in large-scale and uncontrolled farm enterprises warrants a holistic and integrated coastal management approach which considers all aspects of the tropical seascape including human societies and natural resource use.
机译：海藻养殖通常被描述为一种可持续的水产养殖形式，但人们怀疑栖息地的改变和藻类在养殖场外的传播已引起人们对可持续性实际程度的猜测。我们在Unguja岛（坦桑尼亚的桑给巴尔）进行了一项实验性田间研究，以使用1.5 x 2.5 m的实验性农田调查底下海藻养殖对热带海草生态系统的影响。 11周后，由于较低的枝条密度，枝条长度和叶片生长速率的共同作用，地上海草生物量比对照样地低40％。由于农场（F）处理的生物量在第15天到第75天之间是恒定的，但在2个对照（对照处理[C]和直插式对照处理[CSL]）中增加了67％，而在48％时增加了，农场产生的影响是缺乏潜在的生物量增加，而不是实际减少。根据海藻附生植物的下层覆盖率和两种主要的表生动物类群（> 1 cm）的丰度变化，将这种效应移植到了相关生物上：海胆和海绵。此外，F处理引起海草枯枝落叶的积累，但不影响沉积物有机质（SOM）含量。这些作用背后的机制尚未得到明确测试，但藻类阴影，出现应力和机械磨损被认为是可能的原因。有趣的是，这种影响在很大程度上仅限于目前存在的两种海草物种中的一种，即Enhalus acoroides，而另一种海藻Thalasia hemprichii则或多或少没有受到影响。这可能是由于种间竞争减少或形态和胁迫耐受性的物种特异性差异所致，并且可能长期（除其他外）对相关鱼类群落产生影响。尽管目前的海藻养殖方式不如集约化虾类养殖有害，因此应被视为未来水产养殖发展的一个强有力的选择，但应避免或至少减少海草集约化养殖，例如，通过实施其他耕种方法。大型且不受管制的农场企业中的生态系统级变化的风险，需要采取一种综合而综合的沿海管理方法，该方法应考虑到热带海景的各个方面，包括人类社会和自然资源的使用。

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