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首页> 外文期刊>Marine ecology progress series >Combined effects of solar radiation and desiccation on the mortality and development of encapsulated embryos of rocky shore gastropods
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Combined effects of solar radiation and desiccation on the mortality and development of encapsulated embryos of rocky shore gastropods

机译：太阳辐射和干燥对岩石海岸腹足动物包囊胚胎的死亡率和发育的综合影响

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摘要

Intertidal encapsulated embryos may be synchronously exposed to many environmental stressors, but interactions between some of these factors remain poorly understood. Here, the effects of solar radiation and desiccation on embryonic mortality and developmental rates were assessed using laboratory and field experiments. Egg masses of 3 intertidal gastropod species were exposed for 72 h to combinations of spectral (full spectrum, UV-blocked, dark) and daily emersion treatments (control, 15, 30, 60 min). Siphonaria denticulata and Bembicium nanum embryos were expected to be tolerant to emersion and UVR as they are routinely deposited on exposed rock platforms. In contrast, Dolabrifera brazieri embryos were predicted to be vulnerable to these stressors, as they are deposited in shaded, submerged habitats. Laboratory experiments revealed that light treatments and desiccation negatively affected the mortality and developmental rate of D. brazieri. The mortality of B. nanum did not significantly increase after UVR exposure or emersion, and the developmental rate was significantly faster in light treatments than in the dark. Surprisingly, embryonic mortality of S. denticulata was significantly higher in UV-blocked treatments than in full-spectrum treatments after 60 min emersion periods, but neither spectral treatments nor desiccation periods affected developmental rates. Field observations were also conducted to investigate the natural effects of desiccation on the embryonic mortality of S. denticulata and B. nanum. Despite the apparent resistance of these embryos to UVR and desiccation in the laboratory, mortality was significantly higher in desiccated habitats than in submerged habitats in the field, thus suggesting that selection of these spawning sites may not be optimal for embryos, particularly in light of global change.
机译：潮间带包裹的胚胎可能会同步暴露于许多环境压力下，但其中一些因素之间的相互作用仍然知之甚少。在这里，使用实验室和野外实验评估了太阳辐射和干燥对胚胎死亡率和发育率的影响。将3种潮间腹足类物种的卵团暴露于光谱（全光谱，紫外线阻断，黑暗）和每日出芽处理（对照，15、30、60分钟）的组合下72小时。预计虹吸金枪鱼和南本氏虫的胚胎通常会暴露在岩石平台上，因此能够耐受萌芽和紫外线辐射。相比之下，据预测，Dolabrifera brazieri胚胎易受这些压力的影响，因为它们沉积在阴暗，淹没的栖息地中。实验室实验表明，光疗和干燥会严重影响巴西果蝇的死亡率和发育速度。 UVR暴露或出现后，纳木芽孢杆菌的死亡率没有显着增加，并且在光照下的发育速度明显比在黑暗中快。出人意料的是，在60分钟出苗期后，紫外线阻断处理中的S. denticulata的胚胎死亡率显着高于全光谱处理，但光谱处理和干燥期均未影响发育速度。还进行了野外观察，以研究干燥对自然链球菌和纳姆芽孢杆菌胚胎死亡率的自然影响。尽管在实验室中这些胚胎对UVR和干燥具有明显的抵抗力，但干燥的栖息地中的死亡率比田间淹没的栖息地要高得多，因此表明这些产卵位的选择可能不是胚胎的最佳选择，特别是考虑到全球更改。

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