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首页> 外文期刊>Marine ecology progress series >Biogeography and phylogeny of Chondrilla species (Demospongiae) in Australia
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Biogeography and phylogeny of Chondrilla species (Demospongiae) in Australia

机译：澳大利亚的软骨物种（Demospongiae）的生物地理学和系统发育

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The biogeography and phylogeny of Chondrilla (Porifera, Demospongiae) species in Australia is poorly understood. Until the present study was carried out, 4 Chondrilla species were thought to occur in the waters of Australia and its territories: C. australiensis, C. secunda, C. mixta and C. nucula. However, the type specimen of the latter comes from the Adriatic Sea, and it has always been uncertain whether this species is present in Australia. The difficulty in determining the number of species of Chondrilla and their biogeography is largely due to the paucity of phenotypic characters that are normally used for identification. To clarify the diversity and distribution of sponges in this genus in Australia, DNA sequence analysis was applied to samples of Chondrilla from around Australia and compared to C. nucula from the Mediterranean. Classical taxonomic techniques were used to confirm the molecular results. Evidence was found for 3 species of Chondrilla in the temperate southern oceans of Australia with one, C. australiensis, also extending into tropical waters. All 3 species were distinct from C. nucula, which was not found in Australian waters in this study. The distribution of C. australiensis suggests that larvae and/or fragments of this sponge are able to disperse across very large distances around the coastline of Australia. Species identification based on direct sequencing of the D2 region in the 28S rDNA and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region was in agreement with results using classical taxonomic techniques.
机译：在澳大利亚对软骨藻（Porifera，Demospongiae）物种的生物地理和系统发育了解甚少。在进行本研究之前，人们认为在澳大利亚及其领地的水域中存在着4种软骨藻：澳大利西亚梭菌（C. australiensis），次生梭菌（C. secunda），混交梭菌（C. mixta）和梭状芽胞杆菌（C. nucula）。但是，后者的类型标本来自亚得里亚海，一直不确定该物种是否存在于澳大利亚。确定软骨种类的种类及其生物地理学的困难主要是由于通常用于鉴定的表型特征很少。为了阐明海绵在澳大利亚这个属中的多样性和分布，对来自澳大利亚各地的软骨藻样品进行了DNA序列分析，并与来自地中海的C. nucula进行了比较。使用经典的分类学技术来确认分子结果。在澳大利亚的温带南部海洋中发现了3种软骨藻，其中一种是澳大利亚的C. australiensis，也延伸到热带水域。这3个物种均与C. nucula不同，在本研究中在澳大利亚水域未发现。 C. australiensis的分布表明，这种海绵的幼虫和/或碎片能够在澳大利亚海岸线周围很长的距离内分散。基于对28S rDNA和ITS1-5.8S-ITS2区D2区进行直接测序的物种鉴定与使用经典分类技术的结果相符。

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