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Spatial patterns of endemism in shallow-water reef fish populations of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands

机译：夏威夷西北群岛浅水礁鱼种群中的特有空间格局

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摘要

The spatial distribution and magnitude of endemism in shallow-water (<18 m) reef fishes of the 10 Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI) are described in terms of occurrence, and numerical and biomass densities, using a series of diver-observation surveys conducted during September/October 2000, 2001, and 2002. Based on species-presence in our surveys, we found endemism to be equal (20.6% using all available data) for fishes in the NWHI and the Main Hawaiian Islands (MHI; 20.9 %). On average, percentage endemism was much higher based on the biomass (37%) and numerical densities (52%) of endemics, increased with latitude, and was especially pronounced at the 4 northernmost reefs that are the most ancient emergent geological features of the archipelago. Endemic reef fishes were appreciably smaller bodied than non-endemics within the NWHI, Median body size did not vary with latitude and longitude for either endemics or non-endemics, negating environmental effects. Reef fish populations at higher latitude reefs included larger proportions of young-of-year (YOY) recruits. YOY length frequencies did not differ for most species between northern and southern reefs, suggesting that a seasonal lag in spawning and recruitment at higher latitudes cannot explain the greater YOY densities observed there. Disproportionate recruitment at higher-latitude reefs may be related to better growth and survivorship after settlement onto reefs, higher levels of within-reef and regional reseeding at higher latitudes, or other factors. Resolution of these issues will be difficult, but it is profoundly important to the future siting of no-take Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) within the NWHI Coral Reef Ecosystem Reserve and to the rational conservation and management of reef fish resources throughout the Hawaiian Archipelago.
机译：夏威夷西北10个群岛（NWHI）浅水（<18 m）珊瑚礁鱼类的地方分布和数量分布，通过在发生期间进行的一系列潜水观察调查，从发生，数量和生物量密度方面进行了描述。 2000年9月/ 2000年10月，以及2001年和2002年10月。基于我们调查中的物种存在，我们发现NWHI和主夏威夷群岛（MHI； 20.9％）的鱼类特有性是相同的（使用所有可用数据，均占20.6％）。平均而言，基于地方性的生物量（37％）和数值密度（52％），地方性百分率要高得多，并且随着纬度的增加而增加，在群岛最古老的新兴地质特征最北端的四个礁石上尤其明显。 NWHI内地方性礁鱼的体形明显小于非地方性鱼类，地方性或非地方性的中型体型均未随纬度和经度变化，从而消除了环境影响。高纬度礁石上的礁石鱼类种群中，年青（YOY）新兵比例较高。北部和南部珊瑚礁之间大多数物种的年长频率没有差异，这表明在较高纬度产卵和补充的季节性滞后不能解释在那里观测到的更大的年密度。在高纬度礁石上的不均衡招聘可能与以下情​​况有关：在礁石上定居后更好的生长和生存，更高水平的礁石内和更高纬度的区域播种或其他因素。解决这些问题将很困难，但对于NWHI珊瑚礁生态系统保护区内禁渔区的未来选址以及整个夏威夷群岛的礁鱼资源的合理养护和管理至关重要。

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