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首页> 外文期刊>Marine ecology progress series >Importance of bioturbators for biodiversity maintenance: indirect effects of fishing disturbance
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Importance of bioturbators for biodiversity maintenance: indirect effects of fishing disturbance

机译：生物扰动物对维持生物多样性的重要性：捕鱼干扰的间接影响

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The relative impact on macrofaunal diversity of 7 naturally co-occurring bioturbators has been examined in a benthic mesocosm experiment. The bioturbators chosen were selected because of their potential vulnerability to the disturbances associated with demersal trawling. The experiment was conducted at the Solbergstrand mesocosm (Norwegian Institute for Water Research) using subtidal sediment collected from Bjornehodebukta, a small sheltered bay in the Oslofjord. For 3 of the bioturbating species (Brissopsis lyrifera, Aphrodita aculeata and Amphiura chiajei) a positive, linear relationship was demonstrated between bioturbator abundance and measures of species richness (number of species and Margalef species richness). It was suggested that the presence of these bioturbating species increased oxygen penetration into the sediment, leading to an enhancement in the ability of benthic systems to process organic material. This had a beneficial effect on the associated fauna in terms of maintaining levels of diversity. For Nephtys caeca, highest species diversity was seen in the low abundance treatments. Predation by N. caeca on small polychaetes is proposed as a possible explanation of the lower diversity in high-density treatments. It is concluded that B. lyrifera, A. aculeata, A. chiajei and N. caeca are functionally similar with respect to setting the diversity of the associated macrobenthic community and may therefore fulfill the same role within the benthic ecosystem. The presence of Calocaris macandreae, Nuculana minuta and Astarte sulcata had no detectable effect on diversity. Trawling has been shown to reduce the abundance of bioturbating species, and the current study demonstrates important implications of this loss on the maintenance of diversity. In addition, the interactions between bioturbation, diversity and organic enrichment highlight the need for management of anthropogenic impacts within the coastal environment in a holistic way rather than by isolation.
机译：在底栖中观实验中检查了7种自然生物扰动者对大型动物多样性的相对影响。选择生物扰动器是因为它们可能容易受到与拖网拖网有关的干扰的影响。该实验是在Solbergstrand中观宇宙（挪威水研究所）中进行的，采用的是潮汐沉积物，该潮汐沉积物来自Bjornehodebukta，这是奥斯陆峡湾的一个小掩蔽海湾。对于3种生物扰动物种（Brissopsis lyrifera，Aphrodita aculeata和Amphiura chiajei），生物扰动物种的丰度与物种丰富度（物种数和Margalef物种丰富度）之间呈正线性关系。有人认为，这些生物扰动物种的存在增加了氧气向沉积物中的渗透，导致底栖系统处理有机物质的能力增强。就维持多样性水平而言，这对相关的动物群具有有益的影响。对于Nephtys caeca，在低丰度处理中可以看到最高的物种多样性。提出了由N. caeca捕食小型多毛绒动物作为可能解释高密度处理中较低的多样性。结论是，在设置相关大型底栖动物群落的多样性方面，B。lyrifera，A。aculeata，A。chiajei和N. caeca在功能上相似，因此可能在底栖生态系统中发挥相同的作用。 Calocaris macandreae，Nuculana minuta和Astarte sulcata的存在对多样性没有可检测的影响。拖网渔船已被证明可以减少生物扰动物种的数量，而目前的研究表明，这种拖网渔船对维持生物多样性具有重要意义。此外，生物扰动，多样性和有机富集之间的相互作用突出表明，需要以整体方式而不是孤立地管理沿海环境内的人为影响。

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