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首页> 外文期刊>Marine ecology progress series >Feeding, reproduction and toxin accumulation by the copepods Acartia bifilosa and Eurytemora affinis in the presence of the toxic cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena
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Feeding, reproduction and toxin accumulation by the copepods Acartia bifilosa and Eurytemora affinis in the presence of the toxic cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena

机译：在有毒的蓝藻结节菌存在下，pe足类A螨和真叶假单胞菌的进食，繁殖和毒素积累

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Feeding, reproduction and accumulation of cyanobacterial toxins by the calanoid copepods Acartia bifilosa and Eurytemora affinis were studied during a cruise in the northern Baltic Sea. The experiments were carried out using both mixtures of natural plankton communities, mixtures containing the toxic Nodularia spumigena, and diets containing only the toxic cyanobacterium. Both copepod species had a high survival and fed actively on N. spumigena, both as a single food source and when offered in mixtures. Feeding on N. spumigena resulted in the detection of nodularin equivalents in the animals. However, there was a negative relationship between the gross growth efficiency and accumulated toxins, which indicates that the food quality was not ideal, possibly related to a high metabolic cost to cope with ingested toxins. Overall low egg production rates by both species and low egg hatching success by A. bifilosa in natural seawater suggested that the copepods were food-limited in the environment. The presence of Brachiomonas submarina offered in combination with N. spumigena enhanced A. bifilosa egg production, but not egg hatching success. Egg hatching success was not affected by increasing concentrations of N. spumigena in the diet. Instead, lack of food seemed to be a more important factor. Similar responses by E. affinis populations from sites with different history of toxin occurrence suggest that tolerance to cyanobacterial toxins has evolved in the Baltic Sea. This has possibly been guaranteed by genetic exchange between the 2 populations. These results suggest that N, spumigena is not directly harmful to copepods if an alternative food source is available, even though reproduction is not sustained if the species is offered as a single diet. Moreover, even if both copepods might act as a link transporting toxins to higher trophic levels, a very small fraction of the estimated ingested toxin was found in the animals, therefore the relative importance of this pathway seems limited.
机译：在北波罗的海的航行中，研究了cal足类pe足类car足类和Eurytemora亲和体对蓝藻毒素的吸收，繁殖和积累。实验是使用天然浮游生物群落的混合物，含有有毒的结节性根瘤菌的混合物和仅含有有毒的蓝细菌的饮食进行的。两种co足类都具有很高的存活率，并以单食和混合食用的形式，以食粉猪笼草为食。食用Spumigena猪笼草导致在动物体内检测到结节苷等效物。但是，总生长效率与积累的毒素之间存在负相关关系，这表明食品质量不理想，可能与应对摄入的毒素的新陈代谢成本高有关。这两种物种的总产蛋率较低，而天然海水中双歧曲霉的孵化率均较低，这表明co足类动物在环境中受食物限制。水下腕带藻与spumigena N.结合提供的存在增强了双歧曲霉的产卵能力，但未成功孵化卵。鸡蛋孵化成功不受日粮中N. Spumigena浓度增加的影响。相反，缺乏食物似乎是一个更重要的因素。来自具有不同毒素发生历史的地点的亲和大肠杆菌种群的类似反应表明，对波罗的海的蓝细菌毒素的耐受性已经发展。这可能是通过两个种群之间的遗传交换来保证的。这些结果表明，即使有其他食物来源，Spumigena N也不会对co足类动物直接造成危害，即使该物种以单一饮食的形式不能持续繁殖。此外，即使两种co足类动物都可能充当将毒素运输到更高营养水平的纽带，但在动物体内却发现了估计摄入的毒素中很小的一部分，因此，这种途径的相对重要性似乎受到限制。

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