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首页> 外文期刊>Marine ecology progress series >Settlement behavior in shore crabs Carcinus maenas: why do postlarvae emigrate from nursery habitats?
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Settlement behavior in shore crabs Carcinus maenas: why do postlarvae emigrate from nursery habitats?

机译：沿岸螃蟹Carcinus maenas的定居行为：为什么幼体会从苗圃栖息地移出？

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In contrast to general settlement models of invertebrate larvae, recent Swedish studies of settlement of the shore crab Carcinus maenas indicate that many postlarvae close to metamorphosis emigrate from their preferred settlement habitats. In the present study, we assessed physical and biological factors affecting shore crab settlement and emigration from nursery habitats, and explored possible ultimate factors in this behavior. Postlarval abundance in the field was not affected by the tidal phase, but varied significantly according to the light conditions. Settlement densities on artificial substrates were significantly higher during the day compared to at night. In contrast, densities of planktonic postlarvae were highest at night. This result suggests that the postlarvae cling to shallow benthic habitats during the day and swim in the plankton at night. Mesocosm experiments demonstrated that most postlarvae remained in the benthos during the day, even in suboptimal habitats, but that a large proportion (on average 58%) actively emigrated at dusk, irrespective of settlement conditions. Emigration rates were significantly higher and metamorphosis rates lower in open sand compared to mussel habitats, whereas food levels and settlement densities had only small effects on the settlement process. Emigrated postlarvae were at a significantly earlier developmental stage and metamorphosed on average 1 d later than the megalopae that remained in the benthic habitat. Post-larvae >2 d from metamorphosis emigrated even from optimal settlement conditions. These results suggest that settlement in shore crabs is not an irreversible process once a late-stage postlarva has found a settlement habitat, but involves 2 separate behavioral components: (1) the selection of a benthic habitat during the day, which is mainly affected by the availability of refuges from predation; and (2) the choice to stay or emigrate the following night, where emigration is induced by a decrease in light and determined mainly by the development stage of the postlarvae. We propose a conceptual model of settlement in the shore crab where the dynamic behavior of the postlarvae is an adaptation to diel differences in predation risk between the settlement habitat and the plankton.
机译：与无脊椎动物幼体的一般定居模型相反，瑞典最近对海岸蟹Carcinus maenas的定居研究表明，许多接近变态的后幼虫从其偏爱的定居栖息地移居。在本研究中，我们评估了影响托儿所栖息地岸蟹定居和移民的物理和生物学因素，并探讨了这种行为的可能最终因素。田间幼虫的丰度不受潮汐期的影响，但根据光照条件而变化很大。与夜晚相比，白天人造基材上的沉降密度明显更高。相反，夜间浮游幼虫的密度最高。这一结果表明，幼虫白天附着在浅海底栖生物上，晚上在浮游生物中游泳。中观试验表明，白天大部分的幼体仍留在底栖动物中，即使在次佳的生境中也是如此，但是不论定居条件如何，黄昏时都有很大一部分（平均58％）活跃地移居。与贻贝栖息地相比，裸露沙地的移民率明显较高，而变质率则较低，而食物水平和定居密度对定居过程的影响很小。移出的幼虫处于显着的发育阶段，并且比底栖动物栖息地中的大lop平均晚了1 d发生了变态。即使从最佳的定居条件出发，变态后的幼虫> 2 d也会移出。这些结果表明，一旦后期后期幼虫找到了栖息地，岸蟹的栖息就不是一个不可逆的过程，而是涉及两个单独的行为成分：（1）白天对底栖动物栖息地的选择主要受以下因素的影响：掠夺性庇护所的可用性； （2）在第二天晚上留下或移民的选择，其中移民是由光线减少引起的，并且主要取决于幼虫的发育阶段。我们提出了岸蟹的定居概念模型，其中后幼虫的动态行为适应了定居栖息地和浮游生物之间捕食风险的差异。

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