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首页> 外文期刊>Marine ecology progress series >Growth, energy storage, and feeding patterns reveal winter mortality risks for juvenile Pacific herring in Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA
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Growth, energy storage, and feeding patterns reveal winter mortality risks for juvenile Pacific herring in Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA

机译：生长，能量存储和喂养方式揭示了美国阿拉斯加威廉王子湾幼太平洋太平洋鲱鱼的冬季死亡风险

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First winter survival of juvenile cold temperate fish can be an important recruitment driver. Winter survival may be influenced by size and energy reserves, with larger, fatter individuals less vulnerable to predation and starvation. However, limited information regarding relationships among size, growth, and energy reserves often hampers understanding recruitment processes for economically and ecologically important marine species. To better understand winter mortality risks, we examined growth and lipid storage patterns in young-of-the-year (YOY) Pacific herring Clupea pallasii in Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA, near the onset (November) and end (March) of 7 winters during 2009-2016 that occurred before and during the North Pacific marine heat wave. Herring length in November determined energy allocation, with a shift from protein-based growth to lipid storage occurring at similar to 76 mm fork length. We suggest that size-selective predation pressure causes small herring below this size to favor growth over storing fat. Low March lipid stores apparently compelled herring to avoid starvation by foraging, behavior that could increase predation risk especially for small herring. Larger herring ate more high-quality euphauslid prey than did small herring during November, reinforcing the advantages of large size. Herring lipid stores were highest in the coldest study year, rather than the year with the best diets, presumably due to low temperature slowing metabolic rates. Our findings suggest overwinter survival models could be improved with unbiased estimates of late autumn YOY herring size and energy distributions, seasonal temperature measurements, estimates of food consumption, and knowledge of local predator densities.
机译：幼年温带温带鱼类的第一个冬季存活可能是重要的招募推动力。冬季生存可能受大小和能量储备的影响，较大，较胖的个体较不容易被捕食和饥饿。但是，关于规模，增长和能源储备之间关系的信息有限，通常会妨碍对具有经济和生态意义的重要海洋物种的招募过程的理解。为了更好地了解冬季死亡风险，我们研究了美国阿拉斯加威廉王子湾（Prince William Sound）的年幼（YOY）太平洋鲱鲱（Clupea pallasii）的生长和脂质存储方式，发病时间为11月和11月底。在2009-2016年期间的7个冬季，发生在北太平洋海洋热浪之前和期间。 11月的鲱鱼长度决定了能量分配，从基于蛋白质的生长向脂质存储的转变发生在大约76毫米的叉子长度上。我们建议选择大小的捕食压力会导致低于此大小的小鲱鱼有利于生长而不是储存脂肪。低游行的血脂库显然迫使鲱鱼通过觅食避免饥饿，这种行为可能增加捕食风险，尤其是小鲱鱼。与11月的小鲱鱼相比，更大的鲱鱼吃了更多的优质e鱼，增强了大鱼的优势。鲱鱼的脂质储藏在最冷的研究年份中最高，而不是饮食最佳的一年，这可能是由于低温减慢了代谢速度。我们的研究结果表明，可以通过无偏的晚秋鲱鱼规模和能量分布估计，季节性温度测量，食物消耗估计以及当地捕食者密度知识来改善越冬生存模型。

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