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Integration of temporal environmental variation by the marine plankton community

机译：海洋浮游生物群落的时间环境变异整合

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Theory and observations suggest that low frequency variation in marine plankton populations, or red noise, may arise through cumulative integration of white noise atmospheric forcing by the ocean and its amplification within food webs. Here, we revisit evidence for the integration of stochastic atmospheric variations by comparing the power spectra of time series of atmospheric and oceanographic conditions to the population dynamics of 150 plankton taxa at Station L4 in the Western English Channel. The power spectra of oceanographic conditions (sea surface temperature, surface nitrate) are redder than those of atmospheric forcing (surface wind stress, net heat fluxes) at Station L4. However, plankton populations have power spectral slopes across trophic levels and body sizes that are redder than atmospheric forcing but whiter than oceanographic conditions. While zooplankton have redder spectral slopes than phytoplankton, there is no significant relationship between power spectral slope and body size or generation length. Using a predator-prey model, we show that the whitening of plankton time series relative to oceanographic conditions arises from noisy plankton bloom dynamics in this strongly seasonal system. The model indicates that, for typical predator-prey interactions, where the predator is on average 10 times longer than the prey, grazing leads to a modest reddening of phytoplankton variability by their larger and longer lived zooplankton consumers. Our findings suggest that, beyond extrinsic forcing by the environment, predator-prey interactions play a role in influencing the power spectra of time series of plankton populations.
机译：理论和观测表明，通过海洋白噪声大气强制累积的累积整合和食物网内的扩增，可能出现船舶浮游动物群体或红噪声的低频变化。在这里，我们通过将大气和海洋条件的时间序列的功率谱与西方英语频道的L4站L4的人口动态进行比较，重新审视随机大气变化的融合。海洋尺寸（海面温度，表面硝酸盐）的功率光谱比站L4的大气强制（表面风力应力，净热量）的电力光谱。然而，Plankton群体具有跨越营养水平的功率谱斜率，并且体尺寸比大气强制更换，但比海洋学条件更白。虽然Zooplankton具有比Phytoplankton更红的光谱斜率，而功率谱斜率与体尺寸或一代长度之间没有显着的关系。使用捕食者 - 猎物模型，我们表明，在这种强烈的季节性系统中，浮游生物时间序列的美白相对于海洋条件产生的嘈杂的浮游生物动态。该模型表明，对于典型的捕食者 - 猎物交互，捕食者平均比猎物长10倍，所以放牧导致浮游植物可变性的较大和更长的浮游动物消费者的谦虚。我们的研究结果表明，除了环境的外在强制外，捕食者 - 猎物交互在影响Plankton群体的时间序列的功率谱发挥作用。

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