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首页> 外文期刊>Marine ecology progress series >Indication that the behavioural responses of humpback whales to killer whale sounds are influenced by trophic relationships
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Indication that the behavioural responses of humpback whales to killer whale sounds are influenced by trophic relationships

机译：迹象表明，驼背鲸对杀手鲸声音的行为响应受营养关系的影响

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Eavesdropping, the detection of communication signals by unintended receivers, can be beneficial in predator-prey interactions, competition, and cooperation. The cosmopolitan killer whale Orcinus orca has diverged into several ecotypes which exhibit specialised diets and different vocal behaviours. These ecotypes have diverse ecological relationships with other marine mammal species, and sound could be a reliable sensory modality for eavesdroppers to discriminate between ecotypes and thereby respond adaptively. Here, we tested whether humpback whales Megaptera novaeangliae in the Northeast Atlantic responded differently to playback of the sounds of 2 killer whale ecotypes, Northeast Atlantic herring-feeding killer whales representing food competitors and Northeast Pacific mammal-eating killer whales simulating potential predators. We used animal-borne tags and surface visual observations to monitor the behaviour of humpback whales throughout the playback experiments. Humpback whales clearly approached the source of herring-feeding killer whale sounds (5 of 6 cases), suggesting a `dinner-bell' attraction effect. Responses to mammal-eating killer whale sounds varied with the context of presentation: playback elicited strong avoidance responses by humpback whales in offshore waters during summer (7 of 8 cases), whereas the whales either approached (2 of 4 cases) or avoided (2 of 4 cases) the sound source in inshore waters during winter. These results indicate that humpback whales may be able to functionally discriminate between the sounds of different killer whale ecotypes. Acoustic discrimination of heterospecific sounds may be widespread among marine mammals, suggesting that marine mammals could rely on eavesdropping as a primary source of information to make decisions during heterospecific encounters.
机译：窃听，通过意外接收器检测通信信号，可以有利于捕食者 - 猎物互动，竞争和合作。国际大都会杀手鲸鲸Orcinus Orca已经分解成几种竞技表现出专门的饮食和不同的声乐行为。这些生态型与其他海洋哺乳动物物种具有不同的生态关系，声音可能是窃听者的可靠感官模态，以区分生态型，从而自适应地反应。在这里，我们测试了东北大西洋的驼背鲸百叶草诺夫阿格莱亚不同于2杀手鲸鱼的声音，东北大西洋哺乳杀手鲸代表食品竞争对手和东北太平洋哺乳动物杀手鲸模拟潜在的捕食者。我们使用了动物传播的标签和表面视觉观察，以监测整个播放实验中的驼背鲸的行为。驼背鲸清楚地接近鲱鱼喂养杀手鲸声的源头（6例中的5例），暗示了“晚餐 - 贝尔”的吸引力。对哺乳动物杀手鲸的回应随着演示的背景而变化：播放在夏季（8例中的7例中的海上水域中的驼背鲸在海外水域中出现了强烈的避免回应，而鲸鱼则接近（4例中的2例）或避免（2 4例）冬季近海水域声源。这些结果表明，驼背鲸可能能够在不同杀伤鲸鱼生态栅面的声音之间的功能区分。海洋哺乳动物的异常声音的声学歧视可能是普遍的，这表明海洋哺乳动物可以依赖于窃听作为在异质次要遭遇期间做出决定的主要信息来源。

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