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首页> 外文期刊>Marine ecology >Analysis of occurrence patterns and biological factors of cetaceans based on long‐term and fine‐scale data from platforms of opportunity: Madeira Island as a case study
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Analysis of occurrence patterns and biological factors of cetaceans based on long‐term and fine‐scale data from platforms of opportunity: Madeira Island as a case study

机译：基于机会平台的长期和精细数据分析鲸类的发生模式和生物学因素：马德拉岛为例

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摘要

Management and conservation issues are addressed through the identification of areas of particular importance, which requires the acquisition of baseline information on species distribution and dynamics. These types of data are particularly difficult to obtain at high resolution for large marine vertebrates like cetaceans, given that dedicated surveys are complex and logistically expensive. This study uses daily presence-absence sighting data of cetaceans collected year-round from whale-watching boats to support the theory that fine-scale data obtained from platforms of opportunity can provide valuable information on species occurrence and group dynamics. Data from 7,551 (daily) sightings comprising 22 species were collected from 3,527 surveyed days over 11years (mean of 321days per year, SD = 17) in the pelagic environment of Madeira Island. Cetaceans were observed on 92% of the surveyed days, and a mean of 15.4 (SD = 1.5), 8.2 (SD = 2.0) and 2.1 (SD = 1.2) species were recorded per year, month, and day, respectively. There were significant differences in the number of species per month (p.001), with the highest diversity recorded in June. At least nine species, comprising 96% of all sightings, were found to use the Madeiran waters on a regular basis, such as the Atlantic spotted dolphin (Stenella frontalis), the short-beaked common dolphin (Delphinus delphis), the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus), and others featured in the Red List of the International Union for Conservation of Nature as Endangered, Vulnerable, and Data Deficient. In addition, 10 species were found to use the Madeiran waters for travelling, feeding, resting, socializing and calving, which suggests that the southern and southeastern waters of Madeira Island constitute an area of interest for cetaceans. This study characterizes the cetaceans' community structure (occurrence, aggregation sizes, behaviours, proportion of calves, and inter-specific relationships) of a poorly studied region, providing important information for managers. Finally, the advantages and limitations of using fine-scale data from a type of platform of opportunity that is increasing along coastlines globally are discussed.
机译：通过确定特别重要的领域来解决管理和保护问题，这需要获得有关物种分布和动态的基准信息。对于大型海洋脊椎动物（例如鲸类），要获得高分辨率的这类数据特别困难，因为专门的调查非常复杂且物流成本很高。这项研究使用了从观鲸船上全年采集的鲸类动物的日常存在观测数据，以支持从机会平台获得的精细数据可以提供有关物种发生和群体动态的有价值信息的理论。在马德拉岛中上层环境中，从11年（平均每年321天，SD = 17）的3,527天的调查日中，收集了包含22种物种的7,551（日）次观测的数据。在92％的调查日中观察到鲸类动物，每年，每月和每天分别记录到平均15.4（SD = 1.5），8.2（SD = 2.0）和2.1（SD = 1.2）种。每月物种数量存在显着差异（p <.001），6月记录的多样性最高。发现至少有9种物种（占所有目击者的96％）定期使用马德拉群岛水域，例如大西洋斑海豚（Stenella frontalis），短喙普通海豚（Delphinus delphis），宽吻海豚（ Tursiops truncatus）和其他一些物种在国际自然保护联盟红色名录中被列为濒危，脆弱和数据不足。此外，发现有10种物种利用马德拉群岛的水域进行旅行，进食，休息，社交和产犊，这表明马德拉岛南部和东南部的水域构成了鲸类动物的兴趣区域。这项研究描述了一个学习不足的地区的鲸类群落结构（发生率，聚集大小，行为，犊牛比例和种间关系），为管理者提供了重要信息。最后，讨论了使用来自全球沿海岸线不断增长的机会平台的精细数据的优缺点。

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