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The biogeography and community structure of kelp forest macroinvertebrates

机译：海带森林大型无脊椎动物的生物地理学和群落结构

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摘要

Understanding species distributions and their community structure is increasingly important when taking an ecosystem-based approach to conservation and management. However, knowledge of the distribution and community structure of species in mid-range trophic levels (e.g. macroinvertebrates) is lacking in most marine ecosystems. Our study aimed to examine the spatial distribution and community-level biogeographic patterns of common kelp forest–rocky reef macroinvertebrates in Southern California and to evaluate the effects of environmental gradients on these communities. Quantitative SCUBA surveys were used to estimate macroinvertebrate densities at 92 sites from 2008–2012. Non-metric multidimensional scaling was used to evaluate spatial patterns of macroinvertebrate communities among Regions. We found that kelp forest–rocky reef macroinvertebrate communities are distinct among different island and mainland regions, and their community patterns exhibited a strong relationship with an environmental gradient (i.e. sea surface temperature) even after controlling for geographic distance between sites. High abundances of urchin species (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus and Strongylocentrotus franciscanus) were strong drivers of regional differences. Macroinvertebrate community patterns were driven by characteristic species that were typically more prevalent at warmer or colder sites. Our results provide the first quantitative analysis of macroinvertebrate community structure within the California kelp forest ecosystem. We also describe the distribution and abundance of 92 conspicuous kelp forest-rocky reef macroinvertebrates among nine pre-defined Regions. This study provides important preliminary information on these macroinvertebrate species that will be directly useful to inform management of invertebrate fisheries and spatial protection of marine resources.
机译：在采取基于生态系统的保护和管理方法时，了解物种分布及其群落结构变得越来越重要。但是，大多数海洋生态系统缺乏对中级营养水平物种（例如大型无脊椎动物）的分布和群落结构的了解。我们的研究旨在检查南加州常见的海带森林-礁石大型无脊椎动物的空间分布和社区一级的生物地理格局，并评估环境梯度对这些社区的影响。 SCUBA定量调查用于估算2008年至2012年期间92个地点的大型无脊椎动物密度。非度量多维标度用于评估区域之间大型无脊椎动物群落的空间格局。我们发现海带森林-岩石礁的大型无脊椎动物群落在不同的岛屿和大陆地区之间是不同的，并且即使在控制了地点之间的地理距离之后，它们的群落模式与环境梯度（即海表温度）也显示出强烈的关系。大量的顽童（Strongylocentrotus purpuratusus和Strongylocentrotus franciscanus）是造成地区差异的重要因素。大型无脊椎动物群落模式是由特征性物种驱动的，这些特征性物种通常在温暖或寒冷的地方更为普遍。我们的结果首次对加利福尼亚海带森林生态系统中的大型无脊椎动物群落结构进行了定量分析。我们还描述了九个预定区域中92个明显的海带森林-岩石礁大型无脊椎动物的分布和丰富度。这项研究提供了有关这些大型无脊椎动物物种的重要初步信息，这些信息将直接对无脊椎动物渔业管理和海洋资源空间保护提供信息。

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