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Contamination patterns and molluscan and polychaete assemblages in two Persian (Arabian) Gulf oilfields

机译：两个波斯（阿拉伯）海湾油田的污染模式以及软体动物和多毛类组合

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摘要

This study examined two shallow-water, offshore oil facilities and their surroundings in the Umm Al Dalkh and Zakum oilfields [United Arab Emirates, Persian (Arabian) Gulf]. The focus was on sediment contamination levels and the detection of disturbance based on two representative invertebrate components of the benthos: molluscs and polychaetes. We tested the hypothesis that significant disturbance to the community has occurred, by examining whether distance from the platform or variation in contaminants explains among-site variation in the composition of benthic communities. Moreover, we also tested the hypothesis that organic enrichment because of oil input has modified the feeding guild structure by examining whether the relative abundances of filter-feeders, deposit-feeders and omnivores are correlated with distance from the platform or with contamination by hydrocarbons. The contamination levels and their spatial distribution in the sediments differed significantly between the two fields, as did their mollusc and polychaete communities. The within-field variability, however, was much lower: no clear structuring of contamination values and species composition and abundance was detectable in relation to distance from the oil platform. Contamination levels were low, often below detection levels or international guideline values. Variation in contaminant concentrations did not explain variation in taxonomic composition and abundance. The relative abundance of the above-mentioned feeding guilds did not correlate with either distance from the platform or with contaminant concentrations. These patterns may reflect the long time that has elapsed since drilling (15–20years), which appears to have allowed contaminants to disperse and degrade and assemblages to recover from the impact, if indeed such a disturbance ever occurred. In contrast to low values of barium and total petroleum hydrocarbons, associated with well drilling, some metals were at their highest concentrations beneath the central platforms. This suggests that production-related activities (including platform cleaning and maintenance) are currently a more relevant contamination source.
机译：这项研究检查了Umm Al Dalkh和Zakum油田[阿拉伯联合酋长国，波斯（阿拉伯）海湾）的两个浅水近海石油设施及其周围地区。重点是沉积物污染水平和底栖动物的两个无脊椎动物组成部分：软体动物和多毛动物的扰动检测。我们通过检查距平台的距离或污染物的变化是否解释了底栖生物群落的现场变异来检验对群落产生了重大干扰的假设。此外，我们还检查了滤油给料器，沉积物给料器和杂食动物的相对丰度是否与距平台的距离或碳氢化合物的污染有关，从而验证了由于输入油而引起的有机富集改变了饲料协会结构的假设。在这两个区域之间，沉积物的污染水平及其空间分布差异很大，它们的软体动物和多壳动物群落也是如此。但是，场内变异性要低得多：相对于距石油平台的距离，没有明显的污染值，物种组成和丰度结构。污染水平很低，通常低于检测水平或国际准则值。污染物浓度的变化不能解释生物分类组成和丰度的变化。上述进食行会的相对丰度与距平台的距离或污染物浓度均无关。这些模式可能反映了自钻探以来已经过去的很长时间（15-20年），这似乎允许污染物散布和降解，并从撞击中恢复，如果确实发生过此类干扰的话。与钻井相关的钡和总石油碳氢化合物的价值较低相反，某些金属在中央平台下方处于最高浓度。这表明与生产相关的活动（包括平台清洁和维护）目前是更相关的污染源。

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