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首页> 外文期刊>Marine ecology >Limited differences among habitats in deep-sea macro-infaunal communities off New Zealand: implications for their vulnerability to anthropogenic disturbance
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Limited differences among habitats in deep-sea macro-infaunal communities off New Zealand: implications for their vulnerability to anthropogenic disturbance

机译：新西兰以外的深海大型非软体动物群落的生境差异有限：对人为干扰的脆弱性的影响

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The spread of human activities into the deep sea may pose a high risk to benthic communities and affect ecosystem integrity. The deep sea is characterized by physical and biological heterogeneity and different habitat types are likely to differ in their vulnerability to anthropogenic impacts. However, across-habitat comparisons are rare, and no comprehensive ecological risk assessment has yet been developed. To address this gap in our knowledge, we compared macro-infaunal community structure in four habitats (slope, canyons, seamounts and methane seeps) at depths between 700 and 1500m in the Hikurangi Margin and Bay of Plenty regions off New Zealand. The most striking contrast in community structure was between the two study regions, due to an order of magnitude difference in macro-infaunal abundance that we believe was caused by differences in surface productivity and food availability at the sea bed. We found differences in structural and functional attributes of macro-infaunal communities among some habitats in the Hikurangi Margin (slope, canyon and seep), but not in the Bay of Plenty. We posit that differences between canyon and slope communities on the Hikurangi Margin are due to enhanced food availability inside canyons compared with adjacent slope habitats. Seep communities were characterized by elevated abundance of both symbiont-bearing and heterotrophic taxa, and were the most distinct, and variable, among the habitats that we considered on the Hikurangi Margin. Communities of seamounts were not distinct from slope or canyon communities on the Hikurangi Margin, probably reflecting similar environmental conditions in these habitats. The communities of deep-sea canyon and seep habitats on the Hikurangi Margin were sufficiently dissimilar from each other and from slope habitats to warrant separate management consideration. By contrast, the low dissimilarity between communities of canyon and slope habitats in the Bay of Plenty suggests that habitat-based management is not required in this region, for macro-infauna at least. Although the two study regions share similar species pools, populations of the Hikurangi Margin region may be less vulnerable than the sparser populations of the Bay of Plenty due to the higher availability of potential colonizers and faster population growth. Thus regions, and habitats in some regions, should be subject to separate ecological risk assessment to help identify the key risks and consequences of human activities, and to inform options for reducing or mitigating impacts.
机译：人类活动向深海的扩散可能对底栖生物群落构成高风险并影响生态系统的完整性。深海的特征是物理和生物的异质性，不同的生境类型在遭受人为影响方面的脆弱性可能会有所不同。但是，跨栖息地的比较很少见，还没有进行全面的生态风险评估。为了解决我们在知识上的差距，我们比较了喜科兰吉边缘和普伦蒂湾地区700-1500m深度的四个栖息地（斜坡，峡谷，海山和甲烷渗漏）中的宏观非生物群落结构。社区结构中最显着的差异是两个研究区域之间的差异，这是由于我们在宏观上的丰度上有一个数量级的差异，我们认为这是由于海底表层生产力和食物供应的差异所致。我们发现，Hikurangi边缘（坡度，峡谷和渗水）的某些生境（而不是丰盛湾）的一些生境中，大型动物群落的结构和功能属性存在差异。我们认为，Hikurangi边缘的峡谷和斜坡群落之间的差异是由于与邻近的斜坡栖息地相比，峡谷内的食物供应增加。渗水群落的特征是带有共生体和异养类群的丰度较高，并且在我们在Hikurangi边缘上考虑过的生境中，它们是最独特和可变的。海山的社区与Hikurangi边缘的斜坡或峡谷社区没有区别，这可能反映了这些栖息地的类似环境条件。 Hikurangi边缘的深海峡谷和渗水生境的群落彼此之间以及与斜坡生境之间的差异足够大，因此需要单独进行管理。相比之下，丰盛湾的峡谷和坡地栖息地之间的相似性较低，这表明至少在宏观上，该区域不需要基于栖息地的管理。尽管两个研究区域共享相似的物种库，但由于潜在定居者的可获得性更高且种群增长更快，Hikurangi Margin地区的种群可能不如Plenty湾的稀疏种群脆弱。因此，应该对地区和某些地区的栖息地进行单独的生态风险评估，以帮助识别人类活动的主要风险和后果，并为减少或减轻影响提供信息。

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