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Climate change and warm-water species at the north-western boundary of the Mediterranean Sea

机译:地中海西北边界的气候变化和温水物种

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The effects of global change are particularly serious in areas where range shifts of species are physically constrained such as the Ligurian Sea, which is one of the coldest sectors of the Mediterranean. In this basin, historical information on water temperature (from the sea surface down to 75 m depth) dates back to the 1950s. Early studies also recorded warm-water species occurrence. Thanks to these data we provide the first detailed characterization of water temperature variation from 1958 up to 2010 in the layer 0-75 m depth. We coupled this analysis with the available information on rocky reef epibenthic communities (literature review from 1955 to 1964 and field data from 1980 to 2010). The analysis of water temperature revealed several patterns of variation: a cooling phase from 1958 to 1980, a phase of rapid warming from 1980 to 1990 and a phase of slower warming from 1990 to 2010. Inter-annual variation in temperature increased over the entire period for the water layer down to 20 m. Warm-water native and alien species richness increased during the warming phases. Literature estimates suggest a decrease in warm-water native species richness during the cooling phase. The analysis of quantitative data collected in the early 1990s and late 2000s indicated a decrease in the cover of warm-water native species on shallow rocky reefs and an increase in deeper waters. We argue that increased inter-annual variation in water temperature may disadvantage native warm-water species in shallow waters. Our results indicate that the effect of temperature rises in cold, constrained basins may be more complex than the simple prediction of species changing their geographical range according to their thermal limits.
机译:全球变化的影响在物种范围转移受到物理限制的地区尤其严重,例如利古里亚海,这是地中海最冷的地区之一。在这个流域,有关水温(从海面到75 m深度)的历史信息可以追溯到1950年代。早期研究还记录了温水物种的发生。借助这些数据,我们提供了1958年至2010年水深0-75 m层中水温变化的第一个详细表征。我们将此分析与岩石礁上生界的可用信息结合在一起(1955年至1964年的文献综述以及1980年至2010年的实地数据)。对水温的分析揭示了几种变化模式:1958年至1980年为冷却阶段,1980年至1990年为快速变暖阶段和1990年至2010年为较慢变暖阶段。在整个时期内,温度的年际变化都增加了对于水层下降到20 m。在变暖阶段,温水本地和外来物种的丰富度增加。文献估计表明,在冷却阶段,温水本地物种的丰富度下降了。对1990年代初期和2000年代后期收集的定量数据进行的分析表明,浅水岩石礁石上的温水本地物种的覆盖面积减少,而深水区域的覆盖面积增加。我们认为,水温年际变化的增加可能不利于浅水区的天然温水物种。我们的结果表明,在寒冷,受约束的盆地中,温度升高的影响可能比根据物种根据其热极限改变其地理范围的简单预测更为复杂。

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