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The influence of geological, geochemical, and biogenic habitat heterogeneity on seep biodiversity

机译：地质，地球化学和生物源生境异质性对渗流生物多样性的影响

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Cold seeps are among the most heterogeneous of all continental margin habitats. Abiotic sources of heterogeneity in these systems include local variability in fluid flow, geochemistry, and substrate type, which give rise to different sets of microbial communities, microbial symbiont-bearing foundation species, and associated heterotrophic species. Biogenic habitats created by microbial mats and the symbiotic species including vesicomyid clams, bathymodiolin mussels, and siboglinid tubeworms add an additional layer of complexity to seep habitats. These forms of habitat heterogeneity result in a variety of macrofaunal and meiofaunal communities that respond to changes in structural complexity, habitat geochemistry, nutrient sources, and interspecific interactions in different ways and at different scales. These responses are predicted by a set of theoretical metacommunity models, the most appropriate of which for seep systems appears to be the 'species sorting' concept, an extension of niche theory. This concept is demonstrated through predictable patterns of community assembly, succession, and beta-level diversity. These processes are described using a newly developed analytical technique examining the change in the slope of the species accumulation curve with the number of habitats examined. The diversity response to heterogeneity has a consistent form, but quantitatively changes at different seep sites around the world as the types of habitats present and the size-classes of fauna analyzed change. The increase in beta diversity across seep habitat types demonstrates that cold seeps and associated biogenic habitats are significant sources of heterogeneity on continental margins globally.
机译：寒潮是所有大陆边缘生境中最不均匀的。这些系统中的非生物异质性来源包括流体流动，地球化学和基质类型的局部变异性，这些变异会导致形成不同的微生物群落集，带有微生物的共生基础物种以及相关的异养物种。由微生物垫和共生物种（包括水囊蛤，蓝藻和贻贝）构成的生物生境增加了渗出生境的复杂性。这些形式的栖息地异质性导致了各种大型动物群落和半植物群落，它们以不同的方式和规模在结构复杂性，栖息地地球化学，养分来源和种间相互作用方面做出反应。这些反应是由一系列理论上的元社区模型预测的，其中最适合渗流系统的似乎是“物种分选”概念，这是利基理论的延伸。通过社区集会，继承和Beta级多样性的可预测模式证明了这一概念。使用最新开发的分析技术来描述这些过程，该技术检查物种积累曲线的斜率随所检查生境数量的变化。对异质性的多样性响应具有一致的形式，但随着存在的栖息地类型和所分析动物群的大小类别的变化，在世界各地不同的渗漏场所发生了定量变化。各种渗漏生境类型中β多样性的增加表明，冷渗漏和相关的生物生境是全球大陆边缘异质性的重要来源。

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