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The Mediterranean in check: Biological invasions in a changing sea

机译：遏制地中海：不断变化的海洋中的生物入侵

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AbstractIn recent decades, the high introduction rate of alien species (AS) has been mainly due to the increasingly widespread human movements, which often compromise natural barriers, facilitating the invasion of new geographic areas and environments. Being completely new in the recipient habitat, alien invasive species can often have strongly negative impacts on native communities, sometimes causing substantial and irreversible ecological and economic damage. Thus, AS have been branded as “negative” and are often targeted for eradication. However, an accurate assessment of ecological and economic impacts of alien taxa is still lacking in many species, and this is particularly true in marine environments. We focused on the Mediterranean Sea, a very important marine biodiversity “hot spot,” which is among the areas that have been most influenced by the arrival of non‐native species, a process also linked to global warming, leading to a deep transformation of this basin. We describe both negative and positive aspects of some well‐known introductions, assuming a different view of conservation. Biological invasions are, in fact, a fundamental and integral aspect of nature that has always been present in the history of life on Earth. Imagining that nature is static and needs to be restored to a particular state is not a reasonable way of looking at the processes of life. With this in mind, we argue that defining priorities in management and conservation is a prerogative that should not be based on the containment/eradication of one or another species, but on the conservation of those environmental conditions that are essential for the proper functioning of ecosystems. In other words, native versus non‐native species distinction cannot be the main guiding principle in conservation and restoration. For this reason, great attention must be paid to the containment of those human activities that cause greater pollution and rapid changes, and therefore threaten the habitats and biodiversity that we care about most.
机译：摘要近几十年来，外来物种（AS）的高引入率主要归因于人类运动的日益广泛，人类运动经常破坏自然屏障，促进新地理区域和环境的入侵。外来入侵物种在接收者的生境中是全新的，通常会对当地社区产生严重的负面影响，有时会造成严重且不可逆转的生态和经济损失。因此，AS被打上了“负面”的烙印，并经常成为根除的目标。但是，在许多物种中仍缺乏对外来​​生物分类群的生态和经济影响的准确评估，在海洋环境中尤其如此。我们的重点是地中海，这是一个非常重要的海洋生物多样性“热点”，它是受非本地物种到来影响最大的地区之一，这一过程也与全球变暖有关，导致了深海生物多样性的深刻转化。这个盆地。假设对保护的看法不同，我们将介绍一些著名介绍的负面和正面方面。实际上，生物入侵是自然界的基本组成部分，在地球生命史中一直存在。想象大自然是静态的，需要恢复到特定状态，这不是看待生活过程的合理方法。考虑到这一点，我们认为确定管理和保护的优先级是一种特权，不应基于对一个或另一个物种的遏制/根除，而应基于对生态系统正常运行必不可少的那些环境条件的保护。换句话说，本地物种与非本地物种的区分不能成为保护和恢复的主要指导原则。因此，必须高度重视遏制那些造成更大污染和迅速变化，从而威胁到我们最关心的栖息地和生物多样性的人类活动。

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