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首页> 外文期刊>Marine Environmental Research >Combined effects of a parasite, QPX, and the harmful-alga, Prorocentrum minimum on northern quahogs, Mercenaria mercenaria
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Combined effects of a parasite, QPX, and the harmful-alga, Prorocentrum minimum on northern quahogs, Mercenaria mercenaria

机译：寄生虫QPX和有害藻类Procentcentrum的最小组合对北部拟南芥Mercenaria mercenaria的影响

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摘要

Northern quahogs, Mercenaria mercenaria (L.), frequently are infected with the parasite Quahog Parasite Unknown (QPX, Labyrintohomorpha, Thraustochytriales), which can cause morbidity and mortality of the quahogs. Possible interactions between this parasitic disease and exposure to the harmful dinoflagellate Prorocentrum minimum in M. mercenaria were studied experimentally. Quahogs from Massachusetts with variable intensity of QPX infection were exposed, under controlled laboratory conditions, to cultured P. minimum added to the natural plankton at a cell density equivalent to a natural bloom. After 5 days of exposure, individual clams were diagnosed histologically to assess prevalence and intensity of parasitic infection, as well as other pathological conditions. Further, cellular defense status of clams was evaluated by analyzing hemocyte parameters (morphological and functional) using flow-cytometry. Exposure of quahogs to P. minimum resulted in: a lower percentage of phagocytic hemocytes, higher production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), larger hemocyte size, more-numerous hemocytic aggregates, and increased numbers of hemocytes in gills accompanied by vacuolation and hyperplasia of the water-tubular epithelial cells of the gills. Quahogs had a low prevalence of QPX; by chance, the parasite was present only in quahogs exposed to P. minimum. Thus, the effect of QPX alone on the hemocyte parameters of quahogs could not be assessed in this experiment, but it was possible to assess different responses of infected versus non-infected quahogs to P. minimum. QPX-infected quahogs exposed to P. minimum had repressed percentage of phagocytic hemocytes, consistent with immuno-modulating effect of P. minimum upon several molluscan species, as well as smaller hemocytes and increased hemocyte infiltration throughout the soft tissues. This experiment demonstrates the importance of considering interactive effects of different factors on the immunology and histopathology of bivalve shellfish, and highlights the importance of considering the presence of parasites when bivalves are subjected to harmful-algal blooms.
机译：北部quahogs，Mercenaria mercenaria（L.），经常被未知的Quahog寄生虫（QPX，Labyrintohomorpha，Thrastochytriales）感染，这可能导致quahogs发病和死亡。通过实验研究了这种寄生虫疾病和暴露于最小的美人鱼中有害鞭毛原原中心的可能相互作用。在受控的实验室条件下，将来自马萨诸塞州的Quahogs受到不同程度的QPX感染，使其暴露于培养的P.最小值，其添加到天然浮游生物中的细胞密度与天然花蕾相当。暴露5天后，从组织学角度对单个蛤进行诊断，以评估其寄生虫感染的发生率和强度以及其他病理状况。此外，通过使用流式细胞仪分析血细胞参数（形态和功能）来评估蛤的细胞防御状态。 quahogs暴露于最低水平导致：吞噬性血细胞百分比降低，活性氧种类（ROS）产生更高，更大的血细胞大小，更多的血细胞聚集物以及g中的血细胞数量增加，并伴有空泡和增生water的水管上皮细胞。 Quahogs的QPX患病率较低；偶然地，该寄生虫仅存在于暴露于极小疟原虫的鹌鹑中。因此，在本实验中无法评估单独QPX对拟人的血细胞参数的影响，但有可能评估感染和未感染的拟人对最小疟原虫的不同反应。 QPX感染的拟南芥暴露于最小的P.噬菌体具有抑制的吞噬血细胞百分比，这与最小的P.对几个软体动物物种的免疫调节作用以及较小的血细胞和增加的遍及整个软组织的血细胞浸润一致。该实验证明了考虑不同因素对双壳贝类的免疫学和组织病理学的相互作用的重要性，并强调了当双壳贝遭受有害藻类繁殖时考虑到寄生虫的存在的重要性。

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  • 来源
    《Marine Environmental Research》 |2010年第5期|p.337-344|共8页
  • 作者

    Helene Hegaret; Roxanna M. Smolowitz; Inke Sunila; Sandra E. Shumway; Jennifer Alix; Mark Dixon; Gary H. Wikfors;

  • 作者单位

    University of Connecticut, Department of Marine Sciences, 1080 Shennecossett Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA;

    Marine Biological Laboratory, MRC213, 7 MBL Street, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA;

    State of Connecticut, Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Aquaculture, P.O. Box 97, Milford, CT 06460, USA;

    University of Connecticut, Department of Marine Sciences, 1080 Shennecossett Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA;

    Northeast Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, 212 Rogers Avenue, Milford, CT 06460, USA;

    Northeast Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, 212 Rogers Avenue, Milford, CT 06460, USA;

    Northeast Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, 212 Rogers Avenue, Milford, CT 06460, USA;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    bivalve mollusc; shellfish; dinoflagellate; harmful-algal bloom; hemocyte; quahog; mercenaria mercenaria; parasite; prorocentrum minimum; qpx;

    机译：双壳软体动物;贝类;鞭毛藻;有害藻华;血细胞;拟南芥;Mercenaria mercenaria;寄生虫;原核最低;qpx;

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