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Effect of microalgae treated with natural toxins on the nutrition and development of filter- feeding sea-urchin larvae

机译：天然毒素处理微藻对滤食海胆幼虫营养和发育的影响

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摘要

Filter-feeding larvae of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus fed phytoplankton previously exposed to sublethal amounts of toxins were chosen as a model to assess the potential effects of natural toxins on survivorship, development and feeding behaviour. The marine microalga Cricosphaera elongata was incubated with organic extract of the green seaweed Caulerpa taxifolia and then offered to larvae at different stages of development. Sensitivity to the toxin- treated food depended on the larval stage at which exposure began. Larvae reared from first feeding (4-arm stage) with toxin-treated microalgae were most sensitive (25/100) survival. delay in development and a metamorphosis rate of 32/100). A diet begun at the 8-arm stage caused a decrease in survival and abnormal development, however, all the remaining larvae achieved metamorphosis. Certain ontogenic stages were more sensitive than others, in all treatments, mortality rate was highest during the formation of the echinus rudiment. Feeding expenments comparing ingestion of inert and toxin-treated polystyrene microspheres suggested that larvae discnminate against toxin-treated particles.
机译：选择以前暴露于亚致死量毒素的海胆捕食幼体的海胆滤食性幼虫作为模型，以评估天然毒素对存活，发育和摄食行为的潜在影响。将海洋微藻Cricosphaera elongata与绿色紫菜Caulerpa taxifolia的有机提取物一起孵育，然后提供给处于不同发育阶段的幼虫。对经过毒素处理的食物的敏感性取决于开始接触的幼体阶段。从第一次进食（4臂阶段）开始，用毒素处理的微藻饲养的幼虫最敏感（25/100）存活。发育迟缓，变态率为32/100）。从八臂阶段开始的饮食会导致存活率降低和异常发育，但是，所有剩余的幼虫都达到了变态。某些个体发育阶段比其他个体更为敏感，在所有治疗中，海胆形成期间的死亡率最高。比较惰性和经毒素处理的聚苯乙烯微球的摄食量表明，幼虫与经毒素处理的颗粒区分开。

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