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Ecological connectivity between the areas beyond national jurisdiction and coastal waters: Safeguarding interests of coastal communities in developing countries

机译：国家管辖范围以外的地区与沿海水域之间的生态联系：维护发展中国家沿海社区的利益

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The UN General Assembly has made a unanimous decision to start negotiations to establish an international, legally-binding instrument for the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity within Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction (ABNJ). However, there has of yet been little discussion on the importance of this move to the ecosystem services provided by coastal zones in their downstream zone of influence. Here, we identify the ecological connectivity between ABNJ and coastal zones as critically important in the negotiation process and apply several approaches to identify some priority areas for protection from the perspective of coastal populations of Least Developed Countries (LDCs). Initially, we review the scientific evidence that demonstrates ecological connectivity between ABNJ and the coastal zones with a focus on the LDCs. We then use ocean modelling to develop a number of metrics and spatial maps that serve to quantify the connectivity of the ABNJ to the coastal zone. We find that the level of exposure to the ABNJ influences varies strongly between countries. Similarly, not all areas of the ABNJ are equal in their impacts on the coastline. Using this method, we identify the areas of the ABNJ that are in the most urgent need of protection on the grounds of the strength of their potential downstream impacts on the coastal populations of LDCs. We argue that indirect negative impacts of the ABNJ fishing, industrialisation and pollution, communicated via oceanographic, cultural and ecological connectivity to the coastal waters of the developing countries should be of concern.
机译：联合国大会已作出一致决定，开始进行谈判，以建立一项具有法律约束力的国际文书，以在国家管辖范围以外的地区保护和可持续利用海洋生物多样性。但是，关于这一举措对沿海地区下游影响区提供的生态系统服务的重要性的讨论很少。在这里，我们认为ABNJ与沿海地区之间的生态连通性在谈判过程中至关重要，并采用几种方法从最不发达国家（LDC）沿海人口的角度确定一些优先保护领域。最初，我们回顾科学证据，这些证据证明ABNJ与沿海地区之间的生态联系，重点是最不发达国家。然后，我们使用海洋建模来开发大量度量和空间图，以量化ABNJ与沿海地区的连通性。我们发现，受ABNJ影响的程度在国家之间差异很大。同样，ABNJ的所有区域对海岸线的影响也不尽相同。使用这种方法，我们根据对最不发达国家沿海人口的潜在下游影响的强度，确定最需要保护的ABNJ地区。我们认为，ABNJ捕捞，工业化和污染所产生的间接负面影响是通过海洋，文化和生态联系与发展中国家的沿海水域联系而引起的。

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