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The berth allocation problem: Optimizing vessel arrival time

机译：泊位分配问题：优化船只到达时间

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The berth scheduling problem deals with the assignment of vessels to berths in a marine terminal, with the objective to maximize the ocean carriers' satisfaction (minimize delays) and/or minimize the terminal operator's costs. In the existing literature, two main assumptions are made regarding the status of a vessel: (a) either all vessels to be served are already in the port before the planning period starts, or (b) they are scheduled to arrive after the planning period starts. The latter case assumes an expected time of arrival for each vessel, which is a function of the departure time of the vessel from the previous port, the average operating speed and the distance between the two ports. Recent increases in fuel prices have forced ocean carriers to reduce current operating speeds, while stressing to terminal operators the need to maintain the integrity of their schedule. In addition, several collaborative efforts between industry and government agencies have been proposed, aiming to reduce emissions from marine vessels and port operations. In light of these issues, this article presents a berth-scheduling policy to minimize vessel delayed departures and indirectly reduce fuel consumption and emissions produced by the vessels while in idle mode. Vessel arrival times are considered as a variable and are optimized to accommodate the objectives of the proposed policy while providing ocean carriers with an optimized vessel speed. Example problems using real data show that the proposed policy reduces the amount of emissions produced by vessels at the port in idle mode, optimizes fuel consumption and waiting time at the port by reducing vessel operating speeds to optimal levels and minimizes the effects of late arrivals to the ocean carriers' schedule.
机译：泊位调度问题涉及将船舶分配给海上码头的泊位，目的是最大程度地提高海洋承运人的满意度（最小化延误）和/或最小化码头运营商的成本。在现有文献中，对船只的状态有两个主要假设：（a）所有要服务的船只在计划期开始之前已经在港口，或者（b）计划在计划期之后到达开始。后一种情况假设每个船舶的预计到达时间，该时间是船舶从先前港口离开的时间，平均运行速度和两个港口之间的距离的函数。最近燃油价格的上涨迫使海洋运输公司降低了目前的运行速度，同时向码头运营商强调了保持时间表完整性的必要性。此外，已经提出了行业和政府机构之间的一些合作努力，目的是减少船舶和港口作业的排放。鉴于这些问题，本文提出了一种泊位调度策略，以最大程度地减少船只的延迟离港，并间接减少闲置模式下船只的燃料消耗和排放。船只到达时间被认为是一个变量，并进行了优化以适应建议政策的目标，同时为海洋运输船提供优化的船速。使用实际数据得出的示例问题表明，所提出的策略减少了闲置模式下港口的船舶产生的排放量，通过将船舶的运行速度降低到最佳水平来优化了港口的燃油消耗和等待时间，并最大程度地减少了迟到港的影响。海洋承运人的时间表。

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