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The growth and patterns of international trade

机译:国际贸易的增长和方式

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摘要

Over the last 40 years, there has been an unprecedented growth in trade amongst countries, and the growth in trade shows no sign of slowing down. The increases in trade have put tremendous pressure on the maritime and port industries, and these industries have responded with innovations, investment, and greater productivity. International trade and maritime trade are synonyms, and an understanding of the determinants of international trade is central to understanding maritime trade. In this paper, we provide a review of the international trade literature with a focus on the determinants of trade and the evolution of trade modeling. We then present a broad overview of the extent and growth of trade in the context of primary determinants. The basic results are: (1) Trade is growing at a phenomenal rate; (2) Trade is dominated by relatively few countries who tend to remain dominant; (3) While trade of all products is growing, there are large differences in the growth rates, but yet, there is stability in the relative sizes of product markets; and (4) Over the last 40 years, trade has changed from major flows between the US and Europe to major flows between Asia and the US.
机译:在过去的40年中,国家之间的贸易出现了前所未有的增长,贸易增长没有放缓的迹象。贸易的增长给海运和港口行业带来了巨大压力,这些行业以创新,投资和更高的生产率做出了回应。国际贸易和海上贸易是同义词,对国际贸易决定因素的理解对于理解海上贸易至关重要。在本文中,我们将回顾国际贸易文献,重点关注贸易的决定因素和贸易模型的演变。然后,我们在主要决定因素的背景下对贸易的范围和增长进行了广泛的概述。基本结果是:(1)贸易以惊人的速度增长; (2)贸易由相对少数几个仍占主导地位的国家主导; (3)虽然所有产品的贸易都在增长,但增长率差异很大,但产品市场的相对规模却保持稳定; (4)在过去的40年中,贸易已从美国和欧洲之间的主要流量变为亚洲和美国之间的主要流量。

著录项

  • 来源
    《Maritime policy and management》 |2013年第7期|618-635|共18页
  • 作者单位

    Department of Economics, University of Oregon, Prince Lucien Campbell Hall Room 435, Eugene, OR, USA,National Bureau of Economic Research, 1050 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA;

    Department of Economics, University of Oregon, Prince Lucien Campbell Hall Room 435, Eugene, OR, USA;

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