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Numerical Analysis for the Determination of Stress Percolation in Dry-Stacked Wall Systems

机译：干墙系统中应力渗流确定的数值分析

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摘要

This paper comprises a portion of a PhD study concluding on the potential use of a new mortarless and modular masonry system by taking into consideration the outcome of a multidisciplinary study including aspects of experimental, numerical and analytical investigations in relation to a practical and economical development of modular loadbearing dry-stacked masonry systems. Different forms of interlocking masonry elements have been modelled and optimised thermo-mechanically. Full-scale masonry walls were assembled and tested experimentally under compressive, flexural, shear, cyclic and long term loads. The overall structural behaviour was compared to conventional masonry systems such as hollow and shuttering blocks. The investigations showed overall relative high structural performances for the developed dry-stacked elements. The effect of dry joint interfaces was extensively investigated experimentally and numerically under FE analysis. Based on the experimental observations, a numeric-analytical failure mechanism of the dry-stacked masonry structure is anticipated under axial and flexural loading. The structural investigations and engineering processes are completed by the development of a package of dry-stacked units consisting of interlocking modular masonries and an accompanying array of various other precast parts. This confirmed the practical issues and solutions towards the exploitation of the developed dry-stacked elements for the construction of ready-to-build, modular and load-bearing walls. The portion of work presented herein proposes a new numerical technique for the determination of stressdistribution in dry stacked load-bearing structures. The model is developed in three steps under a numerical computing environment. First, based on geometrical properties of the dry-stacked elements and with a linearelastic material behaviour, the load distribution and intensity in dry-stacked masonry walls is determined. In a second step, a phenomenon known as a plastic accommodation which accompanies the redistribution of the stress is incorporated in the model. This enables the understanding of the evolution of the stress distributions in the post-elastic phase, which is crucial for the determination of the load capacity and stability of the structure as a function of an increased external load. This paper also supports the better understanding of early fissuring in dry-stacked masonry structures which has an important influence on the overall stability of the structure. Finally, in a third step, the improvement of dry-stacked structures is pursued by further analysis of the results obtained through the algorithm. This paper represents a new tool for investigating the localized and randomly defined internal stress distribution induced by external compression forces on dry-stacked structures. Furthermore, the algorithm illustrates that experimental investigations on dry-stacked systems may only give real indications on the load capacity of the structure, when the number of joint interfaces and height to length ratio of the block is based on actual sizes and that results of experimental investigations on reduced size prism specimens may not be extrapolated to full sized walls as they may over-evaluate the effective loaded masonry sections and therefore the overall load capacity.
机译：本文包括一部分博士研究，并通过考虑多学科研究的结果（包括与实际和经济发展有关的实验，数值和分析研究的各个方面）来研究一种新的无迫击炮和模块化砌体系统的潜在应用。模块化承重干砌砌体系统。已经对不同形式的互锁砌体元素进行了建模和热力学优化。装配完整的砌体墙并在压缩，弯曲，剪切，周期性和长期荷载下进行实验测试。将整体结构性能与常规砌体系统（例如空心砖和模板砖）进行了比较。调查显示，已开发的干式堆叠构件总体上具有较高的结构性能。在有限元分析下，对干接点界面的影响进行了广泛的实验和数值研究。基于实验观察，在轴向和挠曲荷载下，干砌砌体结构的数值解析破坏机理是可以预期的。结构研究和工程过程是通过开发由堆叠式单元组成的包装完成的，这些单元由互锁的模块式砖石和一系列其他预制部件组成。这就证实了在开发现成的，模块化的和承重墙的过程中，如何利用已开发的干式堆叠构件的实际问题和解决方案。本文介绍的部分工作提出了一种新的数值技术，用于确定干式堆叠承重结构中的应力分布。该模型在数值计算环境下分三步开发。首先，基于干堆叠构件的几何特性以及线性弹性材料的性能，确定干堆叠砌体墙的荷载分布和强度。在第二步中，将伴随塑性应力重新分布的称为塑性调节的现象纳入模型。这可以理解后弹性阶段应力分布的演变，这对于确定承载能力和结构的稳定性（取决于增加的外部载荷）至关重要。本文还支持更好地理解干砌砌体结构中的早期裂缝，这对结构的整体稳定性具有重要影响。最后，在第三步中，通过进一步分析通过该算法获得的结果，对干叠式结构进行改进。本文代表了一种新的工具，用于研究由外部压力在干叠式结构上引起的局部和随机定义的内部应力分布。此外，该算法说明，当连接界面的数量和砌块的高长比基于实际尺寸以及试验结果时，对干叠式系统的试验研究只能给出结构的承载能力的真实指示。减小尺寸的棱镜标本的调查可能不会外推到全尺寸的墙，因为它们可能会过高地评估有效的受力砌体截面，因此会过分评估总体承载能力。

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