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Embedded magnetic shape memory sensory particles in lightweight composites for crack detection

机译：嵌入磁性形状记忆感官颗粒的​​轻质复合材料中用于裂纹检测

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Through embedding functional materials into structural components, smart composites offer an alternative to structural health monitoring (SHM). The present work focuses on the development of a new kind of composite with metamagnetic shape memory alloy (MMSMA) particles as the sensory particle reinforcements. The premise of this approach is that sensory particles can experience martensitic transformation (MT) in the presence of the crack tip stress field, emitting acoustic signals and changing their magnetic state upon the transformation, which can be exploited using acoustic and/or magnetic sensors to detect the crack location. The composite fabrication consisted of the consolidation of pure Al and Ni43Co7Mn39Sn11 MMSMA powders through spark plasma sintering at 400 degrees C and 560 degrees C. Consolidation at 400 degrees C yielded a porous composite. Consolidation at 560 degrees C yielded a highly dense composite with a diffusion region between the particles and matrix consisting of Al-Mn-Ni rich and Sn-Mn rich zones. Thermomagnetic testing of this composite displayed a similar response to the standalone Ni43Co7Mn39Sn11 powder indicating that the particles can still transform after the composite fabrication. Fatigue crack testing of the composite revealed particles in the presence of cracks undergoing MT. This demonstrates the feasibility of the sensory magnetic particle approach as a potential new SHM technique, however, the interface should be further engineered to optimize the load transfer from matrix to the particles.
机译：通过将功能材料嵌入结构部件中，智能复合材料提供了结构健康监测（SHM）的替代方法。目前的工作集中在开发新型复合材料，以超磁形状记忆合金（MMSMA）颗粒作为感觉颗粒增强剂。这种方法的前提是，在存在裂纹尖端应力场的情况下，感官粒子会经历马氏体转变（MT），在转变时会发出声信号并改变其磁态，这可以通过使用声和/或磁传感器来开发。检测裂纹位置。该复合材料的制造包括通过在400摄氏度和560摄氏度下进行火花等离子体烧结，对纯Al和Ni43Co7Mn39Sn11 MMSMA粉末进行固结。在400摄氏度下固结得到了多孔复合材料。在560摄氏度下固结得到了一种高密度复合材料，在颗粒和基质之间有一个扩散区域，该区域由富含Al-Mn-Ni和富含Sn-Mn的区域组成。该复合材料的热磁测试显示出与独立的Ni43Co7Mn39Sn11粉末相似的响应，表明在复合材料制造后，颗粒仍可变形。复合材料的疲劳裂纹测试表明，在经历MT裂纹的情况下存在颗粒。这证明了感觉磁性粒子方法作为一种潜在的新SHM技术的可行性，但是，应该进一步设计该界面以优化从基质到粒子的负载转移。

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