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Effect of heat-treatment temperature on microstructures and mechanical properties of Co-Cr-Mo alloys fabricated by selective laser melting

机译：热处理温度对选择性激光熔炼Co-Cr-Mo合金组织和力学性能的影响

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摘要

Selective laser melting (SLM) has attracted considerable attention as an advanced method for the fabrication of biomedical devices. However, SLM-manufactured parts easily accumulate large amounts of residual stress due to rapid heating and cooling, which negatively affects their mechanical properties. In this study, Co-Cr-Mo alloy specimens were fabricated by SLM and then heat-treated at various temperatures (750, 900, 1050, or 1150 degrees C) to relieve the residual stress and improve their mechanical properties. The alloy microstructure was analyzed via confocal laser scanning microscopy, scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, electron backscattered diffraction, and X-ray diffraction techniques, whereas the mechanical properties of the produced specimens were evaluated by tensile and Vickers hardness tests. The results showed that increasing the heat-treatment temperature from 750 degrees C to 1150 degrees C increased the ductility of the alloy and decreased its 0.2% offset yield strength and Vickers hardness. Both gamma and epsilon phases formed in all heat-treated specimens, and the volume fraction of the e phase decreased with increasing heat-treatment temperature. After the specimens were heated to 750-1050 degrees C, a recovery process was initiated, which proceeded as the temperature increased; however, the residual stress in the studied specimens was not sufficiently relieved. In contrast, after heating to 1150 degrees C, the formation of equiaxed grains and the drastic relief of the residual stress were observed simultaneously, accompanied by an increase in the elongation of the specimen and a decrease in its strength (as compared to those of the other heat-treated specimens), indicating that the specimen completely recrystallized and that the residual stress was the driving force of this recrystallization. Thus, heat-treating at 1150 degrees C for 6 h is an effective method for eliminating the residual stress, leading to a homogenized microstructure and satisfactory ductility.
机译：选择性激光熔化（SLM）作为制造生物医学设备的一种先进方法已经引起了广泛的关注。但是，由于快速加热和冷却，制造SLM的零件容易积聚大量残余应力，这会对它们的机械性能产生负面影响。在这项研究中，通过SLM制造Co-Cr-Mo合金试样，然后在各种温度（750、900、1050或1150摄氏度）下进行热处理，以消除残余应力并改善其机械性能。通过共聚焦激光扫描显微镜，扫描电子显微镜结合能量色散X射线光谱，电子背散射衍射和X射线衍射技术分析了合金的微观结构，而通过拉伸和维氏硬度测试评估了所制备试样的力学性能。 。结果表明，将热处理温度从750摄氏度提高到1150摄氏度会增加合金的延展性，并降低其0.2％的偏移屈服强度和维氏硬度。 γ相和ε相均在所有热处理样品中形成，e相的体积分数随热处理温度的升高而降低。将样品加热到750-1050摄氏度后，开始恢复过程，该过程随着温度的升高而进行。然而，研究样本的残余应力并未得到充分缓解。相反，在加热到1150摄氏度后，同时观察到等轴晶的形成和残余应力的急剧释放，伴随着试样伸长率的增加和强度的降低（与试样的拉伸强度相比）。其他经热处理的试样），表明试样已完全重结晶，而残余应力是该重结晶的驱动力。因此，在1150摄氏度下热处理6小时是消除残余应力的有效方法，可实现均匀的显微组织和令人满意的延展性。

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