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Pore space characteristics and corresponding effect on tensile properties of Inconel 625 fabricated via laser powder bed fusion

机译：激光粉末床熔融制备Inconel 625的孔空间特征及其对拉伸性能的影响

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摘要

In this work, the tensile behavior of Inconel 625 parts fabricated via laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) at different laser power levels is examined, and correlated to bulk porosity as well as pore characteristics such as pore size, aspect ratio morphology, and polar orientation extracted from X-ray computed tomography (CT). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is employed to identify the fracture mode and origin of failure in the pulled samples. Microstructural examination on the as-built samples showed that increasing the laser power resulted in the transition of melting mode, from lack of fusion to keyhole, with an increase in part bulk density from 98.86% to 99.29%, respectively. It was found that the general bulk porosity level does not correlate directly with the Ultimate Tensile Strength (ranging between 780-820 MPa) and strain to fracture (ranging between 0.2-0.39) behavior of the parts. Detailed pore space characteristics obtained from CT datasets before and after the tensile test contributed to establishing a relationship between defects size, morphology, orientation and tensile properties of the samples. In general, it was found that strain to failure is directly influenced by pore space characteristics, while tensile strength is influenced by a combination of pore space and microstructural characteristics. This study also identified that there are systematic bias effects in the LPBF process, likely introduced by the combination of nuisance variables such as powder layer spreading and gas flow.
机译：在这项工作中，检查了通过激光粉末床熔合（LPBF）在不同激光功率水平下制造的Inconel 625零件的拉伸性能，并将其与整体孔隙率以及孔特性（例如孔径，纵横比形态和极性方向）相关联从X射线计算机断层扫描（CT）中提取。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）用于确定拉伸模式和拉出样品中的破坏源。对制成样品的显微组织检查表明，增加激光功率会导致熔化模式的转变，从缺乏融合到锁孔，部分堆积密度分别从98.86％增加到99.29％。结果发现，一般的整体孔隙率水平与零件的极限抗拉强度（介于780-820 MPa之间）和应变至断裂的应变（介于0.2-0.39之间）不直接相关。从拉伸试验之前和之后的CT数据集获得的详细孔隙空间特征有助于建立样品的缺陷尺寸，形态，取向和拉伸性能之间的关系。通常，发现破坏的应变直接受孔空间特征的影响，而抗拉强度受孔空间和微观结构特征的组合影响。这项研究还发现，在LPBF过程中存在系统性的偏差效应，很可能是由诸如粉层扩散和气流等有害变量的组合引起的。

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