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Experimental validation and microstructure characterization of topology optimized, additively manufactured SS316L components

机译：拓扑优化的增材制造的SS316L组件的实验验证和微观结构表征

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摘要

The integration of topology optimization (TO) and additive manufacturing (AM) has the potential to revolutionize modem design and manufacturing. However, few instances of manufactured optimized designs are documented, and even fewer examples of experimentally-tested designs are available. The lack of validation combined with the influence of AM process on material properties leaves a gap in our understanding of process-microstructure-property relationships that is essential for developing holistic design optimization frameworks. In this work, a functional design was topologically optimized and fabricated using both directed energy deposition (DED) and selective laser melting (SLM) methods. This is the first direct comparison of these AM methods in the context of TO. Mechanical properties of SS316L and the optimized components in as-fabricated and heat-treated conditions were investigated under uniaxial displacement-controlled tensile loading and compared to finite element modeling (FEM) predictions. Optimized samples provided regions of both compressive and tensile loading in the test specimen. Experimental results showed the FEM predictions to be conservative. Microstruc-tural analysis revealed that this difference is due to refined microstructures formed during the additive manufacturing process that strengthen the material in regions with high stress levels. Moreover, SLM samples showed higher yield strength compared to DED samples due to a more refined grain size and denser dislocation structures. TO results are sensitive to the AM method, post-processing conditions, and differences in mechanical properties. Thus, a TO for AM framework can be best optimized with the incorporation of microstructure features to account for localized microstructural variations in fabricated components.
机译：拓扑优化（TO）和增材制造（AM）的集成具有革新调制解调器设计和制造的潜力。但是，只有很少的制造优化设计实例记录在案，而经过实验测试的设计实例则更少。缺乏验证以及AM工艺对材料性能的影响，在我们对工艺-微结构-性能关系的理解中留下了空白，这对于开发整体设计优化框架至关重要。在这项工作中，使用定向能量沉积（DED）和选择性激光熔化（SLM）方法对功能设计进行了拓扑优化和制造。这是在TO上下文中这些AM方法的首次直接比较。在单轴位移控制的拉伸载荷下研究了SS316L及其在加工和热处理条件下的优化组件的机械性能，并将其与有限元建模（FEM）预测进行了比较。优化的样品在测试样品中提供了压缩载荷和拉伸载荷的区域。实验结果表明，有限元预测是保守的。微观结构分析表明，这种差异是由于在增材制造过程中形成的细微结构增强了高应力水平区域的材料。此外，由于更细的晶粒尺寸和更密集的位错结构，与DED样品相比，SLM样品显示出更高的屈服强度。 TO结果对AM方法，后处理条件和机械性能差异很敏感。因此，通过结合微结构特征可以最佳地优化用于AM框架的TO，以解决制造零件中的局部微结构变化。

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  • 来源
    《Materials Science and Engineering》 |2020年第3期|139050.1-139050.14|共14页
  • 作者

    B. Rankouhi; K.M. Bertsch; G. Meric de Bellefon; M. Thevamaran; D.J. Thoma; K. Suresh;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI 53706 USA;

    Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI 53706 USA;

    Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI 53706 USA Grainger Institute for Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI 53706 USA;

    Grainger Institute for Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI 53706 USA;

    Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI 53706 USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI 53706 USA Grainger Institute for Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI 53706 USA;

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  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    Topology optimization; Selective laser melting; Directed energy deposition; Mechanical characterization; Microstructure analysis; SS316L;

    机译：拓扑优化;选择性激光熔化;定向能量沉积;机械特性显微组织分析;SS316L;

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